Observational studyEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2024
Prevalence and risk factors of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli causing urinary tract infections in Iceland during 2012-2021.
Observational study in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Longitudinal trends in community-onset bacteraemia caused by ceftriaxone non-susceptibleJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Observational
- Microbial prevalence and understanding of their antimicrobial susceptibility in urinary tract of patients attending at shar teaching hospital (2018-2022).BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Antibiotic resistance patterns of community-acquired urinary tract infections caused by Enterobacterales in Albania.New microbes and new infections · 2025Article
- A rapid literature review of the impact of penicillin allergy on antibiotic resistance.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Impact of recently initiated medications on the incidence of urinary tract infections in patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational case-control study.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2025Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
purposeTo investigate the association of potential risk factors for urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by E. coli producing ESBL vs. not producing ESBL in Iceland.
methodsObservational, case-control study including a cohort of 27,747 patients (22,800 females, 4,947 males; 1207 cases, 26,540 controls) of all ages with UTI caused by E. coli in 2012 to 2021 at the clinical microbiology laboratory covering about 2/3 of the Icelandic population. Clinical patient data was obtained from three national databases. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as a measure of association between ESBL and exposure variables.
resultsThe proportion of samples with ESBL-producing E. coli increased during the study period, from 2.6% in 2012 to 7.6% in 2021 (p < 0.001). ESBL-positive strains were detected in 1207 individuals (4.4%), 905 females (4.0%) and 302 males (6.1%). The following risk factors were identified: Male sex, higher age, institution type (hospital, nursing home), hospital-associated UTI, Charlson comorbidity index score ≥ 3, history of cystitis or hospitalization in the past year, and prescriptions for certain antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs: OR 1.51) in the past half year. The antibiotic associated with the highest risk was ciprofloxacin (OR 2.45).
conclusionThe prevalence of UTIs caused by ESBL-producing E. coli has been increasing in Iceland. The strongest risk factors for ESBL production were previous antibiotic use, especially ciprofloxacin, and previous PPI use, both considered to be overprescribed. It is important to promote the prudent use of these drugs.
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