ArticleVaccines2024
Evaluation of Efficacy of Surface Coated versus Encapsulated Influenza Antigens in Mannose-Chitosan Nanoparticle-Based Intranasal Vaccine in Swine.
Article in Vaccines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and evaluation of bovine adenovirus vector-based avian influenza vaccine efficacy in poultry.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Chitosan nanoparticles for mucosal and needle-free vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Advancements in nanomaterial-based adjuvants for animal vaccines.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Effects of Antigen Dosage and Chitosan Micro/Nanoparticle Size on Immune Responses in Mice Immunized with H5N1 Influenza Vaccine.Polymers · 2026Article
- Article
- The Nasal Route Redefined: The Impact of Chitosan Nanoparticles on Drug Delivery.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Nanomaterial Adjuvants for Veterinary Vaccines: Mechanisms and Applications.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Influenza-specific antibody-mediated and complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-inducing antibodies in vaccinated and infected pigs.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of inactivated reverse-genetics-based H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus vaccine with various adjuvants via parenteral and mucosal routes in chickens.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study focuses on the development and characterization of an intranasal vaccine platform using adjuvanted nanoparticulate delivery of swine influenza A virus (SwIAV). The vaccine employed whole inactivated H1N2 SwIAV as an antigen and STING-agonist ADU-S100 as an adjuvant, with both surface adsorbed or encapsulated in mannose-chitosan nanoparticles (mChit-NPs). Optimization of mChit-NPs included evaluating size, zeta potential, and cytotoxicity, with a 1:9 mass ratio of antigen to NP demonstrating high loading efficacy and non-cytotoxic properties suitable for intranasal vaccination. In a heterologous H1N1 pig challenge trial, the mChit-NP intranasal vaccine induced cross-reactive sIgA antibodies in the respiratory tract, surpassing those of a commercial SwIAV vaccine. The encapsulated mChit-NP vaccine induced high virus-specific neutralizing antibody and robust cellular immune responses, while the adsorbed vaccine elicited specific high IgG and hemagglutinin inhibition antibodies. Importantly, both the mChit-NP vaccines reduced challenge heterologous viral replication in the nasal cavity higher than commercial swine influenza vaccine. In summary, a novel intranasal mChit-NP vaccine platform activated both the arms of the immune system and is a significant advancement in swine influenza vaccine design, demonstrating its potential effectiveness for pig immunization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.