ArticleVaccines2024
Of Money and Men: A Scoping Review to Map Gender Barriers to Immunization Coverage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
Article in Vaccines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Parental motivations, facilitators, and barriers to participating in a pediatric vaccine trial in Kathmandu, Nepal: A qualitative study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Gender and intersectional barriers to child immunization: findings from qualitative research in Nigeria.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Childhood vaccine refusal in Türkiye: a dual perspective qualitative study of parents and healthcare workers.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Formative qualitative assessment of caregiver barriers to childhood immunization in a Peri-urban District in Ghana.Discover public health · 2026Article
- Gender Barriers to Immunization: A Synthesis of UNICEF's Analyses to Advance Equity and Coverage.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Evaluating socioeconomic influences on Nipah virus vaccination decisions in Bangladesh through machine learning.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national trends in routine childhood vaccination coverage from 1980 to 2023 with forecasts to 2030: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Article
- Women's Empowerment and Gender-Related Factors Associated with Maternal Tetanus Protection in 39 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Developing a Gender Framework for Responsive and Adaptive Design in Digital Health (FORWARD) from a review of reviews.BMC digital health · 2025Article
- Effects of parental short message service reminders on infant immunisation coverage, timeliness and barriers in Nigeria: A quasi-experimental study.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Among the multiple factors impeding equitable childhood immunization coverage in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), gender barriers stand out as perhaps the most universal. Despite increasing recognition of the importance of gender considerations in immunization programming, there has not yet been a systematic assessment of the evidence on gender barriers to immunization. We conducted a scoping review to fill that gap, identifying 92 articles that described gender barriers to immunization. Studies documented a range of gender influencers across 43 countries in Africa and South Asia. The barrier to immunization coverage most frequently cited in the literature is women's lack of autonomous decision-making. Access to immunization is significantly impacted by women's time poverty; direct costs are also a barrier, particularly when female caregivers rely on family members to cover costs. Challenges with clinic readiness compound female caregiver's time constraints. Some of the most important gender barriers lie outside of the usual purview of immunization programming but other barriers can be addressed with adaptations to vaccination programming. We can only know how important these barriers are with more research that measures the impact of programming on gender barriers to immunization coverage.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.