Spectral Behavior of Fiber Bragg Gratings during Embedding in 3D-Printed Metal Tensile Coupons and Cyclic Loading.

Farid Ahmed, Md Shahriar Forhad, Mahmudul Hasan Porag

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Farid AhmedManufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5307-6960

Md Shahriar ForhadManufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.

Mahmudul Hasan PoragManufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-3576-2926

Funding

NSF 2112650

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the spatially configurable 3D integration of sensors in metal components to realize smart materials and structures. Outstanding sensing capabilities and size compatibility have made fiber optic sensors excellent candidates for integration in AM components. In this study, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were embedded in Inconel 718 tensile coupons printed using laser powder bed fusion AM. On-axis (fiber runs through the coupon's center of axis) and off-axis (fiber is at 5° and 10° to the coupon's center of axis) sensors were buried in epoxy resin inside narrow channels that run through the coupons. FBGs' spectral evolutions during embedment in the coupons were examined and cyclic loading experiments were conducted to analyze and evaluate the sensor integration process, complex strain loading, process flaws, and sensing performance. This study also demonstrates that the AM process-born deficiencies such as poor surface finish and staircase effects can be detrimental to the embedded sensors and their sensing performance.

Indexed as

additive manufacturingembedded optical sensorssmart materials and structuresspectral responsestrain loading

Identifiers

PMID38931700

DOI10.3390/s24123919

PMCPMC11207265

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.