Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38931624›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2024

Comparative Study of Ergonomics in Conventional and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery.

Manuel J Pérez-Salazar, Daniel Caballero, Juan A Sánchez-Margallo, Francisco M Sánchez-Margallo

Registry-linked trialAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07618429 (Control Location Using Two Commands), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07618429 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Control Location Using Two Commands: Hand Versus Foot, Workload and Accuracy Response Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Robotic Surgery Simulation

TypeinterventionalSponsorPrince of Songkla UniversityRan2026 to 2026Enrolled86ConditionsNo Disease or Condition is Being Studied, Surgical Procedures, Minimally InvasiveArmsHand Clutch, Foot Clutch
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Article
  7. An Emergency Robotic Programme for Acute Complicated Diverticulitis: A Tertiary Centre Experience.The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS · 2026
    Article
  8. Ergonomics in Knee Arthroscopy: A Scoping Review.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2026
    Review
  9. Robotic Surgery in Australasian Gynaecology: Results of a 2025 Cross-Sectional Survey.The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Manuel J Pérez-SalazarBioengineering and Health Technologies Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, ES-10004 Cáceres, Spain.
Daniel CaballeroBioengineering and Health Technologies Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, ES-10004 Cáceres, Spain.
Juan A Sánchez-MargalloBioengineering and Health Technologies Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, ES-10004 Cáceres, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0100-2695
Francisco M Sánchez-MargalloScientific Direction, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, ES-10004 Cáceres, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2138-988X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aims to implement a set of wearable technologies to record and analyze the surgeon's physiological and ergonomic parameters during the performance of conventional and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery, comparing the ergonomics and stress levels of surgeons during surgical procedures.

methodsThis study was organized in two different settings: simulator tasks and experimental model surgical procedures. The participating surgeons performed the tasks and surgical procedures in both laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery in a randomized fashion. Different wearable technologies were used to record the surgeons' posture, muscle activity, electrodermal activity and electrocardiography signal during the surgical practice.

resultsThe simulator study involved six surgeons: three experienced (>100 laparoscopic procedures performed; 36.33 ± 13.65 years old) and three novices (<100 laparoscopic procedures; 29.33 ± 8.39 years old). Three surgeons of different surgical specialties with experience in laparoscopic surgery (>100 laparoscopic procedures performed; 37.00 ± 5.29 years old), but without experience in surgical robotics, participated in the experimental model study. The participating surgeons showed an increased level of stress during the robotic-assisted surgical procedures. Overall, improved surgeon posture was obtained during robotic-assisted surgery, with a reduction in localized muscle fatigue.

conclusionsA set of wearable technologies was implemented to measure and analyze surgeon physiological and ergonomic parameters. Robotic-assisted procedures showed better ergonomic outcomes for the surgeon compared to conventional laparoscopic surgery. Ergonomic analysis allows us to optimize surgeon performance and improve surgical training.

Indexed as

ErgonomicsLaparoscopyRobotic Surgical ProceduresSurgeonsAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPostureWearable Electronic Devicesgeneral surgerygynecologylocalized muscle fatigueminimally invasive surgerymotion analysismuscle activitysimulation settingstress levelurologywearable device

Identifiers

PMID38931624
PMCPMC11207857

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.