ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Pirfenidone and Nintedanib in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Lights and Shadows.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and Safety of Anticoagulants in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Meta-Analysis.Canadian respiratory journal · 2025Pooled it
- Pathophysiology-guided biomarkers and therapeutics for precision trauma medicine in polytrauma with musculoskeletal injuries.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease: Clinicopathologic Insights, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management.MedComm · 2026Review
- A Comparative Assessment of the Antifibrotic Effect of Nintedanib Administered via a Medicated Diet or Oral Gavage in a Rat Model of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Broad-Spectrum Protective Effects of Lyophilized FE002-Lu Lung Fibroblast Conditioned Medium Against Acute and Chronic Pulmonary Injury in Wistar Rats.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Multi-omics insights into the mechanisms and prognosis of IPF.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2026Review
- Kat5 deficiency in alveolar type II cells licenses STAT6-driven glycolytic reprogramming and pulmonary fibrosis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A Nomogram Model for Early Mortality Risk Stratification in Elderly Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: An Integrative Analysis of Serum Biomarkers and Pulmonary Function Parameters.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- A Scoping Review of Emerging Treatments in the Pipeline for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Phloridzin mitigates bleomycin-elicited lung fibrosis in Wistar rats: The interplay between antioxidant defenses, inflammatory processes, transforming growth factor beta 1, and autophagy.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Relationship of prognostic nutritional index with clinical outcomes and survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances in Idiopathic and Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis: From Approved Drugs to Emerging Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Liuweidihuang Pill Attenuates Early Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice and Is Associated with Gut Microbiome.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- From Inflammation to Precision Medicine: Mechanistic Insights into Asthma, COPD, and IPF.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Deletion of STIM1 in Treg cells protects against lung fibrosis and associated cardiovascular complications in a pre-clinical mouse model.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Dual-mechanism inhalable nanocomposite restores the alveolar mucus barrier and enables deep-lesion delivery for synergistic treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- ML216 Alleviates Age-Related Cardiac Fibrosis by Suppressing TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The extracellular matrix: structure, composition, biological functions, diseases, and therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Far Infrared Radiation Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice via Modulation of the p53/TGF-β Signaling Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Myofibroblast lineage mapping and inhibiting subretinal fibrosis by targeting SMAD3 and MRTF pathways via microRNA-24 functional study.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pirfenidone and Nintedanib are specific drugs used against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) that showed efficacy in non-IPF fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Both drugs have side effects that affect patients in different ways and have different levels of severity, making treatment even more challenging for patients and clinicians. The present review aims to assess the effectiveness and potential complications of Pirfenidone and Nintedanib treatment regimens across various ILD diseases. A detailed search was performed in relevant articles published between 2018 and 2023 listed in PubMed, UpToDate, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate, supplemented with manual research. The following keywords were searched in the databases in all possible combinations: Nintedanib; Pirfenidone, interstitial lung disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The most widely accepted method for evaluating the progression of ILD is through the decline in forced vital capacity (FVC), as determined by respiratory function tests. Specifically, a decrease in FVC over a 6-12-month period correlates directly with increased mortality rates. Antifibrotic drugs Pirfenidone and Nintedanib have been extensively validated; however, some patients reported several side effects, predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms (such as diarrhea, dyspepsia, and vomiting), as well as photosensitivity and skin rashes, particularly associated with Pirfenidone. In cases where the side effects are extremely severe and are more threatening than the disease itself, the treatment has to be discontinued. However, further research is needed to optimize the use of antifibrotic agents in patients with PF-ILDs, which could slow disease progression and decrease all-cause mortality. Finally, other studies are requested to establish the treatments that can stop ILD progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.