Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38931302›Full record

Observational studyNutrients2024

Nutritional Quality of the Mid-Afternoon Snack of Schooled Children between the Ages of 3 and 12 Years in Three Areas in Spain.

Cristina González-Campins, Laura Ferrer Soler, Olívia Guasch-Niubó, Nadia San Onofre, Alicia Aguilar Martínez, Alba Martínez-García, Maria Manera, Gemma Salvador, Anna Bach-Faig

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Nutrients, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Cristina González-CampinsFaculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
Laura Ferrer SolerFaculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
Olívia Guasch-NiubóFaculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
Nadia San OnofreDepartment of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine, Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1029-0681
Alicia Aguilar MartínezFoodLab Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1004-9548
Alba Martínez-GarcíaDepartment of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine, Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7724-6346
Maria ManeraAgència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.
Gemma SalvadorAgència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.
Anna Bach-FaigFoodLab Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8861-8013

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the nutritional quality of mid-afternoon snacks for schooled children aged 3 to 12 years in three areas of Catalonia (Spain).

methodsA descriptive observational study collected information on habits and the mid-afternoon snack of 782 schooled children aged 3 to 12 years in three cities, Barcelona, Girona, and Lleida, located in Catalonia (Spain). The children's families voluntarily agreed to complete an online questionnaire that collected information about demographic data and snacking habits in the afternoon, as well as a record of mid-afternoon snack intake over three school days.

resultsA total of 2163 mid-afternoon snacks were analyzed from a sample of 764 families with 3 to 12 year-old children. Sandwiches emerged as the most prevalent choice, accounting for 41.89%, followed by pastries at 23.86%, fruit at 14.38%, and a combination of fruit and pastries at 6.29%. Of the mid-afternoon snacks recorded, 22.19% were healthy, 20.90% were quite healthy, 12.85% were quite unhealthy, and 44.06% were unhealthy.

conclusionsThe nutritional quality of mid-afternoon snacks for a large majority of schooled children should be improved. It is essential to develop food education programs to improve the quality of this intake from early childhood and to consider it as an opportunity to adjust the daily dietary requirements of Spanish children.

Indexed as

Nutritive ValueSnacksChildChild, PreschoolFeeding BehaviorFemaleFood PreferencesHumansMaleSchoolsSpainSurveys and Questionnairesdietary adequacydietary habitsfamily caregiverfeeding behaviorhealthy dietsnacks

Identifiers

PMID38931302
PMCPMC11206826

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.