ReviewBiomedicines2024
Immune-Mediated Ocular Surface Disease in Diabetes Mellitus-Clinical Perspectives and Treatment: A Narrative Review.
Review in Biomedicines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Study on the Regulatory Mechanism of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide in Diabetic Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Ocular Surface: A Narrative Review of Restoration, Remodeling, and Clinical Implications.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Structural Damage, Visual Field Loss, and Quality of Life in Optic Disc Drusen: A Case-Control Study with Integrated Data-Driven Phenotypes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Multidimensional Analysis of Pulmonary, Cognitive, and Clinical Correlates.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Tear Film Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Alterations of the ocular surface during diabetes: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Beyond the Surface: Revealing the Concealed Effects of Hyperglycemia on Ocular Surface Homeostasis and Dry Eye Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Vitamin D Deficiency as a Risk Factor for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Clinical and Morphological Aspects of Aggressive Salivary Gland Mixed Tumors: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Populations in a Suburb of the Largest City in Western Romania.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Thyroid Eye Disease and Glaucoma: A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Clinical Characteristics and Disease Severity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Emerging Therapeutic Approaches and Genetic Insights in Stargardt Disease: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Human Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Romania: History, Epidemiology, and Public Health: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, action, or both, with a global prevalence that has tripled in recent decades. This condition poses significant public health challenges, affecting individuals, healthcare systems, and economies worldwide. Among its numerous complications, ocular surface disease (OSD) is a significant concern, yet understanding its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management remains challenging. This review aims to explore the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies of diabetes-related OSD. The ocular surface, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and associated structures, is vital for maintaining eye health, with the lacrimal functional unit (LFU) playing a crucial role in tear film regulation. In DM, changes in glycosaminoglycan metabolism, collagen synthesis, oxygen consumption, and LFU dysfunction contribute to ocular complications. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules, resulting in neuropathy, tear film abnormalities, and epithelial lesions. Recent advances in molecular research and therapeutic modalities, such as gene and stem cell therapies, show promise for managing diabetic ocular complications. Future research should focus on pathogenetically oriented therapies for diabetic neuropathy and keratopathy, transitioning from animal models to clinical trials to improve patient outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.