Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38926772›Full record

ArticleInternational breastfeeding journal2024

Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding by maternal HIV status: a population-based survey in Kenya.

Mame M Diakhate, Jennifer A Unger, Agnes Langat, Benson Singa, John Kinuthia, Janet Itindi, Edward Nyaboe, Grace C John-Stewart, Christine J McGrath

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International breastfeeding journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mame M DiakhateDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Box 351620, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. mdiakh@uw.edu.
Jennifer A UngerDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Agnes LangatCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
Benson SingaKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
John KinuthiaDepartments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Research & Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Janet ItindiKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Edward NyaboeKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Grace C John-StewartDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Box 351620, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
Christine J McGrathDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Box 351620, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first six months remains low globally, despite known benefits of lower morbidity and mortality among breastfed infants. It is important to understand factors associated with breastfeeding to support optimal breastfeeding practices, particularly in settings with a high burden of HIV.

methodsWe analyzed data from a population-level survey of mother-infant pairs attending 6-week or 9-month immunizations at 141 clinics across Kenya. Primary outcomes included maternal report of (1) EBF at 6-week visit, defined as currently feeding the infant breast milk only, (2) EBF for the first 6-months of life, defined as breastfeeding or feeding the infant breast milk only with no introduction of other liquids or solid foods until 6 months, and (3) continued breastfeeding with complementary feeding at 9-months. Correlates of breastfeeding practices were assessed using generalized Poisson regression models accounting for facility-level clustering.

resultsAmong 1662 mothers at 6-weeks, nearly all self-reported breastfeeding of whom 93% were EBF. Among 1180 mothers at 9-months, 99% had ever breastfed, 94% were currently breastfeeding and 73% reported 6-month EBF. At 6-weeks, younger age (< 25 years) (adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) 0.96; 95% CI 0.93, 0.99), lower education (aPR 0.96; 95% CI 0.93, 0.99) and recent infant illness (aPR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94, 1.00) were associated with lower EBF prevalence while women living with HIV (WLWH) had higher EBF prevalence (aPR 1.06; 95% CI 1.02, 1.10) than women without HIV. 6-month EBF prevalence was 26% higher in WLWH (aPR 1.26; 95% CI 1.15, 1.35) than women without HIV, 14% lower in women reporting mild or above depressive symptoms (aPR 0.86; 95% CI 0.76, 0.99) than those with none or minimal depressive symptoms, and 15% lower in women with versus without history of intimate partner violence (aPR 0.85; 95% CI 0.74, 0.98). At 9-months, WLWH had a lower prevalence of continued breastfeeding with complementary feeding (aPR 0.73; 95% CI 0.64, 0.84) than women without HIV.

conclusionWLWH had higher EBF prevalence in the first 6-months, but lower prevalence of continued breastfeeding at 9-months. Strategies to support EBF and continued breastfeeding beyond 6-months postpartum, particularly among WLWH, are needed.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingHIV InfectionsAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornKenyaMaleMothersYoung AdultBreastfeedingExclusive breastfeedingHIV-exposed uninfected childrenImmunization visitsSub-saharan AfricaWomen living with HIV

Identifiers

PMID38926772
PMCPMC11210159

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.