Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38926716›Full record

ArticleHealth research policy and systems2024

A health technology assessment of COVID-19 vaccination for Nigerian decision-makers: Identifying stakeholders and pathways to support evidence uptake.

Benjamin S C Uzochukwu, Chinyere Okeke, Faisal Shuaib, Sergio Torres-Rueda, Anna Vassall, Mark Jit, Justice Nonvignon, Adaora C Uzochukwu, Francis Ruiz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health research policy and systems, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Vaccination versus natural infection: A review of antibody differentiation techniques.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Benjamin S C UzochukwuDepartment of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu Campus, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Chinyere OkekeDepartment of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu Campus, Nsukka, Nigeria. chinyereokeke83@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2599-537X
Faisal ShuaibNational Primary Health Care Development Agency Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
Sergio Torres-RuedaDepartment of Global Health & Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Anna VassallDepartment of Global Health & Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Mark JitDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Justice NonvignonHealth Economics Programme, Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Adaora C UzochukwuDepartment of Management, Faculty of Business Administration and Management, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu Campus, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Francis RuizDepartment of Global Health & Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNigeria commenced rollout of vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in March 2021 as part of the national public health response to the pandemic. Findings from appropriately contextualized cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) as part of a wider process involving health technology assessment (HTA) approaches have been important in informing decision-making in this area. In this paper we outline the processes that were followed to identify COVID-19 vaccine stakeholders involved in the selection, approval, funding, procurement and rollout of vaccines in Nigeria, and describe the process routes we identified to support uptake of HTA-related information for evidence-informed policy in Nigeria.

methodsOur approach to engaging with policy-makers and other stakeholders as part of an HTA of COVID vaccination in Nigeria consisted of three steps, namely: (i) informal discussions with key stakeholders; (ii) stakeholder mapping, analysis and engagement; and (iii) communication and dissemination strategies for the HTA-relevant evidence produced. The analysis of the stakeholder mapping uses the power/interest grid framework.

resultsThe informal discussion with key stakeholders generated six initial policy questions. Further discussions with policy-makers yielded three suitable policy questions for analysis: which COVID-19 vaccines should be bought; what is the optimal mode of delivery of these vaccines; and what are the cost and cost-effectiveness of vaccinating people highlighted in Nigeria's phase 2 vaccine rollout prioritized by the government, especially the inclusion of those aged between 18 and 49 years. The stakeholder mapping exercise highlighted the range of organizations and groups within Nigeria that could use the information from this HTA to guide decision-making. These stakeholders included both public/government, private and international organizations The dissemination plan developed included disseminating the full HTA results to key stakeholders; production of policy briefs; and presentation at different national and international conferences and peer-reviewed publications.

conclusionsHTA processes that involve stakeholder engagement will help ensure important policy questions are taken into account when designing any HTA including any underpinning evidence generation. Further guidance about stakeholder engagement throughout HTA is required, especially for those with low interest in vaccine procurement and use.

Indexed as

Administrative PersonnelCost-Benefit AnalysisCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesDecision MakingHealth PolicyStakeholder ParticipationTechnology Assessment, BiomedicalVaccinationHumansNigeriaPandemicsPolicy MakingSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 VaccinesCOVID-19 vaccinationDecision-makingHealth technology assessmentNigeriaStakeholders

Identifiers

PMID38926716
PMCPMC11210088

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.