Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38926682›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2024

Characterization of bacterial and viral pathogens in the respiratory tract of children with HIV-associated chronic lung disease: a case-control study.

Prince K Mushunje, Felix S Dube, Courtney Olwagen, Shabir Madhi, Jon Ø Odland, Rashida A Ferrand, Mark P Nicol, Regina E Abotsi, BREATHE study team

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02426112 (Bronchopulmonary Function in Response to Azithromycin Treatment for Chronic Lung Disease in HIV-infected Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02426112 phase3completednot on this map

Bronchopulmonary Function in Response to Azithromycin Treatment for Chronic Lung Disease in HIV-infected Children

TypeinterventionalSponsorLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineRan2016 to 2019Enrolled347ConditionsChronic Lung Disease, HIV InfectionArmsAzithromycin, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Characterization ofMicrobial genomics · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Prince K Mushunje *Department of Molecular and Cell Biology & Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. mshpri014@myuct.ac.za.
Felix S Dube *Department of Molecular and Cell Biology & Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Courtney OlwagenSouth Africa Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Shabir MadhiSouth Africa Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Jon Ø OdlandFaculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
Rashida A FerrandBiomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Mark P NicolMarshall Centre, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Regina E AbotsiDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology & Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
BREATHE study team

Funding

The National Research Foundation of South Africa 112160
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionChronic lung disease is a major cause of morbidity in African children with HIV infection; however, the microbial determinants of HIV-associated chronic lung disease (HCLD) remain poorly understood. We conducted a case-control study to investigate the prevalence and densities of respiratory microbes among pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)-naive children with (HCLD +) and without HCLD (HCLD-) established on antiretroviral treatment (ART).

methodsNasopharyngeal swabs collected from HCLD + (defined as forced-expiratory-volume/second < -1.0 without reversibility postbronchodilation) and age-, site-, and duration-of-ART-matched HCLD- participants aged between 6-19 years enrolled in Zimbabwe and Malawi (BREATHE trial-NCT02426112) were tested for 94 pneumococcal serotypes together with twelve bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Haemophilus influenzae (HI), Moraxella catarrhalis (MC), and eight viruses, including human rhinovirus (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus A or B, and human metapneumovirus, using nanofluidic qPCR (Standard BioTools formerly known as Fluidigm). Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis were used for between-group comparisons and risk factors associated with common respiratory microbes, respectively.

resultsA total of 345 participants (287 HCLD + , 58 HCLD-; median age, 15.5 years [IQR = 12.8-18], females, 52%) were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of SP (40%[116/287] vs. 21%[12/58], p = 0.005) and HRV (7%[21/287] vs. 0%[0/58], p = 0.032) were higher in HCLD + participants compared to HCLD- participants. Of the participants positive for SP (116 HCLD + & 12 HCLD-), 66% [85/128] had non-PCV-13 serotypes detected. Overall, PCV-13 serotypes (4, 19A, 19F: 16% [7/43] each) and NVT 13 and 21 (9% [8/85] each) predominated. The densities of HI (2 × 10

conclusionChildren with HCLD + were more likely to be colonized by SP and HRV and had higher HI and MC bacterial loads in their nasopharynx. The role of SP, HI, and HRV in the pathogenesis of CLD, including how they influence the risk of acute exacerbations, should be studied further.

trial registrationThe BREATHE trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02426112 , registered date: 24 April 2015).

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsAdolescentBacteriaCase-Control StudiesChildChronic DiseaseFemaleHumansLung DiseasesMalawiMaleRespiratory SystemRespiratory Tract InfectionsStreptococcus pneumoniaeVirusesYoung AdultAfricaH. influenzaeHuman rhinovirusM. catarrhalisObliterative bronchiolitisPneumococcal serotypesS. pneumoniae

Identifiers

PMID38926682
PMCPMC11201860

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.