Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38925883›Full record

ArticleArchives of disease in childhood2024

General population screening for type 1 diabetes using islet autoantibodies at the preschool vaccination visit: a proof-of-concept study (the T1Early study).

Claire Scudder, Julia Townson, Jane Bowen-Morris, Kathleen Gillespie, Philip Evans, Sarah Jones, Nicholas P B Thomas, Jane Stanford, Robin Fox, John A Todd and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Archives of disease in childhood, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Guideline
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Ketoacidosis in new-onset type 1 diabetes: return to pre-COVID-19 pandemic reality?Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2026
    Observational
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Claire ScudderJDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2934-4427
Julia TownsonCentre for Trials Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Jane Bowen-MorrisCardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Kathleen GillespieDiabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Philip EvansExeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (APEx), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Sarah JonesWindrush Medical Practice, Witney, UK.
Nicholas P B ThomasWindrush Medical Practice, Witney, UK.
Jane StanfordBicester Health Centre, Bicester, UK.
Robin FoxBicester Health Centre, Bicester, UK.
John A ToddJDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sheila GreenfieldInstitute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Murray Learning Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Colin M DayanJDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Rachel E J BesserJDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK rachel.besser@paediatrics.ox.ac.uk.

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveType 1 diabetes (T1D) screening programmes testing islet autoantibodies (IAbs) in childhood can reduce life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis. General population screening is required to detect the majority of children with T1D, since in >85% there is no family history. Age 3-5 years has been proposed as an optimal age for a single screen approach.

designCapillary samples were collected from children attending their preschool vaccination and analysed for IAbs to insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet antigen-2 and zinc transporter 8 using radiobinding/luciferase immunoprecipitation system assays. Acceptability was assessed using semistructured interviews and open-ended postcard questionnaires with parents.

settingTwo primary care practices in Oxfordshire, UK.

main outcome measuresThe ability to collect capillary blood to test IAbs in children at the routine preschool vaccination (3.5-4 years).

resultsOf 134 parents invited, 66 (49%) were recruited (median age 3.5 years (IQR 3.4-3.6), 26 (39.4%) male); 63 provided a sample (97% successfully), and one participant was identified with a single positive IAb. Parents (n=15 interviews, n=29 postcards) were uniformly positive about screening aligned to vaccination and stated they would have been less likely to take part had screening been a separate visit. Themes identified included preparedness for T1D and the long-term benefit outweighing short-term upset. The perceived volume of the capillary sample was a potential concern and needs optimising.

conclusionsCapillary IAb testing is a possible method to screen children for T1D. Aligning collection to the preschool vaccination visit can be convenient for families without the need for an additional visit.

Indexed as

AutoantibodiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Mass ScreeningChild, PreschoolFemaleGlutamate DecarboxylaseHumansIslets of LangerhansMaleParentsProof of Concept StudyReceptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8VaccinationZinc Transporter 8AutoantibodiesGlutamate DecarboxylasePTPRN protein, humanReceptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8Zinc Transporter 8PaediatricsPrimary Health CareQualitative researchScreening

Identifiers

PMID38925883
PMCPMC11503060

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.