Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38923990›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024

A hierarchy index for networks in the brain reveals a complex entangled organizational structure.

Anand Pathak, Shakti N Menon, Sitabhra Sinha

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. A complex network perspective on brain disease.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026
    Review
  2. Community detection for directed networks revisited using bimodularity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  3. Journal of biosciences · 2025
    Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Anand PathakThe Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.ORCID 0000-0002-2972-2520
Shakti N MenonThe Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.ORCID 0000-0001-5307-2153
Sitabhra SinhaThe Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.ORCID 0000-0002-3004-1079

Funding

Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India (DAE) Center of Excellence in Complex Systems and Data ScienceDepartment of Atomic Energy, Government of India (DAE) IMSc Complex Systems ProjectDepartment of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (DST) High Performance Computing facility
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Networks involved in information processing often have their nodes arranged hierarchically, with the majority of connections occurring in adjacent levels. However, despite being an intuitively appealing concept, the hierarchical organization of large networks, such as those in the brain, is difficult to identify, especially in absence of additional information beyond that provided by the connectome. In this paper, we propose a framework to uncover the hierarchical structure of a given network, that identifies the nodes occupying each level as well as the sequential order of the levels. It involves optimizing a metric that we use to quantify the extent of hierarchy present in a network. Applying this measure to various brain networks, ranging from the nervous system of the nematode

Indexed as

BrainCaenorhabditis elegansConnectomeNerve NetAnimalsHumansModels, Neurologicalconnectomehierarchical networksmodular hierarchymodular organizationneural information processing

Identifiers

PMID38923990
PMCPMC11228506

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.