ReviewToxins2024
Embracing the Versatility of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Conventional and New Therapeutic Applications.
Review in Toxins, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Current Strategies in the Development of Nanoformulations to Enhance the Stability of Botox: A Systematic Review.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of CKDB-501A in Treating Moderate-To-Severe Glabellar Lines: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Multi-Center Phase III Trial.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Trial
- A Study of Combined Onabotulinumtoxin A and Hyaluronic Acid Filler for the Treatment of Enlarged Facial Pores.Toxins · 2025Trial
- RTP004 Peptide Binds to Botulinum Neurotoxin, Increases Cell Surface Binding, and Enhances Cellular SNAP-25 Cleavage.Toxins · 2026Article
- Post-stroke spasticity: advances in network mechanisms and therapeutics.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Proteolytic Activities and Immunological Effects of Light Chains of Botulinum Neurotoxin A1, A2 and A3 Subtypes.Toxins · 2025Article
- Intracavernosal Botulinum Toxin Injection for Erectile Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Updates on the Proposed Botulinum Toxin A Mechanisms of Action in Orofacial Pain: A Review of Animal Studies.Toxins · 2025Review
- Elucidating the activation mechanism of botulinum neurotoxin a: role of α-clostripain and NTNH.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Phosphorylation of SNAP-25 at Ser187 is enhanced following its cleavage by Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A, promoting the dominant-negative effect of the resulting fragment.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Antibody-Integrated Solid-to-Gel Microfilm for Protection Against Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Pioneering pain management with botulinum toxin type A: From anti-inflammation to regenerative therapies.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Transdermal Delivery of Botulinum Neurotoxin A: A Novel Formulation with Therapeutic Potential.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Patients' Satisfaction after the Treatment of Moderate Sleep Apnea and Nocturnal Bruxism with Botox or/and Thermoformed Occlusal Splints: A Pilot Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Memory-Guided Saccades and Non-Motor Symptoms Improve after Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Cervical Dystonia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Restoration of Memory Along With Neurogenic Enhancement by Therapeutic Botulinum Neurotoxin in a Preclinical Model of Parkinson's Disease.American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementiasArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been used for almost half a century in the treatment of excessive muscle contractility. BoNTs are routinely used to treat movement disorders such as cervical dystonia, spastic conditions, blepharospasm, and hyperhidrosis, as well as for cosmetic purposes. In addition to the conventional indications, the use of BoNTs to reduce pain has gained increased recognition, giving rise to an increasing number of indications in disorders associated with chronic pain. Furthermore, BoNT-derived formulations are benefiting a much wider range of patients suffering from overactive bladder, erectile dysfunction, arthropathy, neuropathic pain, and cancer. BoNTs are categorised into seven toxinotypes, two of which are in clinical use, and each toxinotype is divided into multiple subtypes. With the development of bioinformatic tools, new BoNT-like toxins have been identified in non-Clostridial organisms. In addition to the expanding indications of existing formulations, the rich variety of toxinotypes or subtypes in the wild-type BoNTs associated with new BoNT-like toxins expand the BoNT superfamily, forming the basis on which to develop new BoNT-based therapeutics as well as research tools. An overview of the diversity of the BoNT family along with their conventional therapeutic uses is presented in this review followed by the engineering and formulation opportunities opening avenues in therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.