ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2024
Evaluating the immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors utilizing PET imaging of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in breast cancer mouse models.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- CHD6 promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression and is associated with PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Targeting tryptophan metabolism in breast cancer immunotherapy: Recent advances and future prospects.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Targeting Cytotoxic T-Cell Effector Function with Granzyme B PET: Translational Advances Toward Predicting Immunotherapy Outcomes.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
- Advancing the understanding of tumor microenvironment through medical imaging based on bibliometric analysis.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- CD8 immunoPET imaging to stratify response and guide combination immunotherapy and radiation in triple negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Virus-based IFNγ gene delivery and photodynamic therapy cooperate to remodel the tumor microenvironment and suppress breast cancer.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Characterization of HER2-Positive Murine Breast Cancer Models for Investigating HER2-Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2026Article
- Heat up and Destroy: Immunotherapy of "Cold" Tumors Using the Example of Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Inhibition of SRC prevents bone metastasis of breast cancer by blocking metastatic cell motility and bone directionality.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Emerging ImmunoPET probes for precision cancer immunotherapy: molecular targets and translational applications.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Understanding Immune Cell Adaptation to Tumor Hypoxia for Maximized Therapeutic Efficacy of Immunotherapy: Biology and Non-invasive Imaging Application.Cancer research and treatment · 2026Review
- Docetaxel enhances Vβ-directed T-cell activation and antitumor immunity mediated by a bifunctional TCR agonist in breast and prostate cancer models.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Quantitative dynamic granzyme B PET imaging to characterize novel combination immunotherapy response in preclinical glioblastoma models.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Tractable mouse TNBC models capture the heterogeneous tumor immune microenvironment and adaptation to PD-L1 blockade.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Breaking Barriers: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Breast Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Modeling the effects of combination immunotherapy on triple-negative breast cancer in syngeneic mice from PET imaging of CD4+ and CD8+ cells.Mathematical medicine and biology : a journal of the IMA · 2025Article
- Developing a therapeutic elastase that stimulates anti-tumor immunity by selectively killing cancer cells.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Response to "Beyond glucose uptake: rethinking PET/CT and hematologic markers for immune profiling in early breast cancer".Annals of nuclear medicine · 2025Article
- Long Axial Field of View PET: A New Era of Quantitative PET Imaging for Prospective Applications Beyond Classical Theranostics.PET clinics · 2025Review
- CTSE inhibits anti-tumor T cell response by promoting des-γ-carboxy prothrombin releasing in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
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14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmune-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with tracers that target CD8 and granzyme B has shown promise in predicting the therapeutic response following immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in immunologically "hot" tumors. However, immune dynamics in the low T-cell infiltrating "cold" tumor immune microenvironment during ICB remain poorly understood. This study uses molecular imaging to evaluate changes in CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells during ICB in breast cancer models and examines biomarkers of response.
methods[
resultsFollowing ICB treatment, an increase in the CD8-specific PET signal was observed within 6 days, and an increase in the CD4-specific PET signal was observed within 2 days in tumors that eventually responded to immunotherapy, while no significant differences in CD4 or CD8 were found at the baseline of treatment that differentiated responders from nonresponders. Furthermore, mice whose tumors responded to ICB had a lower CD8 PET signal in the spleen and a higher CD4 PET signal in the spleen compared to non-responders. Intratumoral spatial heterogeneity of the CD8 and CD4-specific PET signals was lower in responders compared to non-responders. Finally, PET imaging, autoradiography, and immunofluorescence signals were correlated when comparing in vivo imaging to ex vivo validations.
conclusionsCD4- and CD8-specific immuno-PET imaging can be used to characterize the in vivo distribution of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in response to immune checkpoint blockade. Imaging metrics that describe the overall levels and distribution of CD8 + T cells and CD4 + T cells can provide insight into immunological alterations, predict biomarkers of response to immunotherapy, and guide clinical decision-making in those tumors where the kinetics of the response differ.
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