ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2024
Heavy-metal associated breast cancer and colorectal cancer hot spots and their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Heavy metal carcinogenicity: a scoping review of observational & experimental evidence.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Industrial point source emissions and incident breast and lung cancers: two case-control studies.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Clinical relevance of tissue copper, selenium, and cadmium alterations in colorectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Environmental Lead Promotes Breast Cancer Migration and Invasion via the AKR1C3-NF-κB-MMP Axis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Urinary metabolites of 1,3-butadiene, benzene and toluene and colorectal cancer incidence: a clinical case-control study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- DNA damage response inhibition is an early event in cadmium-induced breast carcinogenesis.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2025Article
- Environmental Exposures to Metal Toxins as a Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study.The Journal of surgical research · 2025Article
- Molecular connections between inflammation and social determinants of health.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeCancer registries offer an avenue to identify cancer clusters across large populations and efficiently examine potential environmental harms affecting cancer. The role of known metal carcinogens (i.e., cadmium, arsenic, nickel, chromium(VI)) in breast and colorectal carcinogenesis is largely unknown. Historically marginalized communities are disproportionately exposed to metals, which could explain cancer disparities. We examined area-based metal exposures and odds of residing in breast and colorectal cancer hotspots utilizing state tumor registry data and described the characteristics of those living in heavy metal-associated cancer hotspots.
methodsBreast and colorectal cancer hotspots were mapped across Kentucky, and area-based ambient metal exposure to cadmium, arsenic, nickel, and chromium(VI) were extracted from the 2014 National Air Toxics Assessment for Kentucky census tracts. Among colorectal cancer (n = 56,598) and female breast cancer (n = 77,637) diagnoses in Kentucky, we used logistic regression models to estimate Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals to examine the association between ambient metal concentrations and odds of residing in cancer hotspots, independent of individual-level and neighborhood risk factors.
resultsHigher ambient metal exposures were associated with higher odds of residing in breast and colorectal cancer hotspots. Populations in breast and colorectal cancer hotspots were disproportionately Black and had markers of lower socioeconomic status. Furthermore, adjusting for age, race, tobacco and neighborhood factors did not significantly change cancer hotspot ORs for ambient metal exposures analyzed.
conclusionAmbient metal exposures contribute to higher cancer rates in certain geographic areas that are largely composed of marginalized populations. Individual-level assessments of metal exposures and cancer disparities are needed.
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