SynthesisJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2024
Impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cortical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy evaluation.
Synthesis in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07182344 (Effects of iTBS on Cognitive Control in Children With ADHD), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of iTBS on Cognitive Control in Children With ADHD: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Study Integrating EEG During ANT, fNIRS, MRI, and Genetic Markers
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Status and trends in transcranial magnetic stimulation research: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Additional Effects of 1-Hz rTMS Combined With Tai Chi Chuan on Dual-Task Performance Among Older Adults With Sleep Disorders and MCI: An fNIRS-Based Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain and behavior · 2026Trial
- Clinical efficacy observation of repetitive magnetic stimulation for treating upper limb spasticity after stroke.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Immediate Effects of Magnetic Stimulation on Dentate Gyrus Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neuron Excitability.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Neuromodulation strategies in postburn care for pain rehabilitation and scar remodelling.Communications medicine · 2026Review
- rTMS for rapid relief of sleep disorders induced by influenza virus infection: a clinical retrospective study.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Microwave technologies for biomedical diagnosis and therapy: advances, challenges, and perspectives.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Review
- From synapse to system: mechanistic pathways of neural signaling dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Medication Treatment Modulates Sleep Architecture and Cognitive-Related Cortical Hemodynamics in Narcolepsy Type 1.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Article
- Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Schizophrenia Research: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Review
- Supplementary motor area enhanced hemodynamic responses to loading after inhibitory cTBS.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Study on the clinical efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in adolescent patients with depression and its influence on neurotransmitters based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and constraint-induced movement therapy combined in the treatment of post-stroke movement disorders: a narrative review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
- Application of a novel three-day repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in dogs: single-blinded randomised sham-controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Surface Versus Penetrative rTMS Stimulation May Be More Effective for AD Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease.Neuroscience insights · 2025Article
- Review
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with functional near-infrared spectroscopy to elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms of post-stroke hemiplegia: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRepeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could induce alterations in cortical excitability and promote neuroplasticity. To precisely quantify these effects, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an optical neuroimaging modality adept at detecting changes in cortical hemodynamic responses, has been employed concurrently alongside rTMS to measure and tailor the impact of diverse rTMS protocols on the brain cortex.
objectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the effects of rTMS on cortical hemodynamic responses over the primary motor cortex (M1) as detected by fNIRS.
methodsOriginal articles that utilized rTMS to stimulate the M1 cortex in combination with fNIRS for the assessment of cortical activity were systematically searched across the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. The search encompassed records from the inception of these databases up until April, 2024. The assessment for risk of bias was also conducted. A meta-analysis was also conducted in studies with extractable raw data.
resultsAmong 312 studies, 14 articles were eligible for qualitative review. 7 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. A variety of rTMS protocols was employed on M1 cortex. In inhibitory rTMS, multiple studies observed a reduction in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin [HbO] at the ipsilateral M1, contrasted by an elevation at the contralateral M1. Meta-analysis also corroborated this consistent trend. Nevertheless, certain investigations unveiled diminished [HbO] in bilateral M1. Several studies also depicted intricate inhibitory or excitatory interplay among distinct cortical regions.
conclusionDiverse rTMS protocols led to varied patterns of cortical activity detected by fNIRS. Meta-analysis revealed a trend of increasing [HbO] in the contralateral cortices and decreasing [HbO] in the ipsilateral cortices following low frequency inhibitory rTMS. However, due to the heterogeneity between studies, further research is necessary to comprehensively understand rTMS-induced alterations in brain activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.