Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38913891›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024

Programming patchy particles for materials assembly design.

Ella M King, Chrisy Xiyu Du, Qian-Ze Zhu, Samuel S Schoenholz, Michael P Brenner

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Hierarchical self-assembly for high-yield addressable complexity at fixed conditions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Reversible molecular simulation for training classical and machine-learning force fields.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  5. Nonequilibrium Self-Assembly Control by the Stochastic Landscape Method.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Machine learning meets physics: A two-way street.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ella M King *Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139.ORCID 0000-0002-6374-3819
Chrisy Xiyu Du *School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139.ORCID 0000-0002-1881-7102
Qian-Ze ZhuSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139.
Samuel S SchoenholzGoogle Research, Mountainview, CA 94043.ORCID 0000-0003-1909-9226
Michael P BrennerSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139.ORCID 0000-0002-5673-7947

Funding

DOD | USN | Office of Naval Research (ONR) N00014-17-1-3029National Science Foundation (NSF) 2112085National Science Foundation (NSF) DGE1745303National Science Foundation (NSF) DMR-192169
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Direct design of complex functional materials would revolutionize technologies ranging from printable organs to novel clean energy devices. However, even incremental steps toward designing functional materials have proven challenging. If the material is constructed from highly complex components, the design space of materials properties rapidly becomes too computationally expensive to search. On the other hand, very simple components such as uniform spherical particles are not powerful enough to capture rich functional behavior. Here, we introduce a differentiable materials design model with components that are simple enough to design yet powerful enough to capture complex materials properties: rigid bodies composed of spherical particles with directional interactions (patchy particles). We showcase the method with self-assembly designs ranging from open lattices to self-limiting clusters, all of which are notoriously challenging design goals to achieve using purely isotropic particles. By directly optimizing over the location and interaction of the patches on patchy particles using gradient descent, we dramatically reduce the computation time for finding the optimal building blocks.

Indexed as

automatic differentiationprogrammable assemblyself-assembly

Identifiers

PMID38913891
PMCPMC11228463

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.