ArticleThe journal of spinal cord medicine2025
Predicting chronic pain two years following a spinal cord injury: Longitudinal study on the reciprocal role of acute pain and PTSD symptoms.
Article in The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rehospitalization Burden Profiles After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Data-Driven Latent Class Analysis of the SCIMS Public-Use Database.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Relationship Between Pain and Functional Status, Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: Neuropathic Pain in Spinal Cord Injury.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo examine a) the development of PTSD symptoms and pain over five months post-spinal cord injury (SCI); b) the directional effects of PTSD symptoms and pain across five months post-SCI; and c) the prediction of chronic pain two-years post-SCI by PTSD symptoms and pain severity in the first five months post-SCI. STUDY
designTwo-year longitudinal study.
setting: Individuals with an SCI admitted to the Department of Neurological Rehabilitation (N = 65). OUTCOME MEASURES: : PTSD symptoms and pain were evaluated at 1.5 months (T1), three months (T2), and five months (T3) post-SCI. Chronic pain was evaluated at 24 months post-SCI (follow-up).
resultsSeventy-five percent of participants reported chronic pain at follow-up. Pain severity at T1 and T2 predicted PTSD symptoms at T2 and T3, respectively. PTSD symptoms at T2 predicted pain severity at T3. Individuals with chronic pain at follow-up had reported more PTSD symptoms at T1, T2, and T3 than those without pain. A multivariate model yielded two significant indirect paths: a) PTSD symptoms at T1 predicted chronic pain severity at follow-up through PTSD symptoms at T2 and T3, and b) pain severity at T1 predicted chronic pain severity at follow-up through pain severity at T2 and T3.
conclusionsBoth pain and PTSD in the acute post-SCI phase are markers for chronic pain two years later. PTSD and chronic pain exhibit a complex, reciprocal relationship across time that contributes to pain chronicity. Identifying individuals at risk and implementing interventions targeting both pain and PTSD symptoms during the acute phase may prevent their chronification.
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