ArticleSleep2024
Physiological movements during sleep in healthy adults across all ages: a video-polysomnographic analysis of non-codified movements reveals sex differences and distinct motor patterns.
Article in Sleep, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- MFST-GCN: A Sleep Stage Classification Method Based on Multi-Feature Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Reliability and diagnostic accuracy of home video recording in differentiating sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy from disorders of arousal.Epilepsia · 2025Article
- Restless Sleep Disorder in Children: An Educational Review on Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Management.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Review
- Innsbruck REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Inventory may distinguish abnormal nocturnal movements related to obstructive sleep apnea.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2025Article
- Audiovisual analysis of the diagnostic video polysomnography in patients with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
STUDY
objectivesTo define sleep-related movements in healthy adults according to sex and age.
methodsSleep-related movements from 50 video-polysomnography (vPSG) recordings of 27 men and 23 women, from 20 to 70 years old, were classified according to International classification of sleep disorders (ICSD-3-TR) and American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) criteria (codified movements); the remaining movements (non-codified movements) were described according to type (elementary movements-EMs or complex movements-CMs), topography (focal, segmental, multifocal or generalized) and, if present, were assigned to motor patterns (MPs).
resultsOf 4057 movements analyzed, 54.6% (2216/4057) were non-codified (1861 CMs, 355 EMs) and 1841 were codified. CMs were mainly generalized (70%) while EMs were multifocal (40%) or focal (30%). The median movement index (MI; movement/hour) was 11 and the median duration was 4 seconds. MI decreased from stages N1/REM > N2 > N3; men showed a higher MI. An MP was assigned to 2204 codified and non-codified movements, mainly stretching (50%) and scratching (30%). Stretching increased in REM sleep while food-carrying behaviors increased in N2. Men showed more food-carrying behaviors, changes of body positions, and comfort movements while stretching was more common in women. Younger participants exhibited more food-carrying behaviors, while scratching and stretching were more prevalent in the middle-aged group. Older participants showed more changes in body positions and comfort movements.
conclusionsIn total, 54.6% of sleep-related movements in healthy participants were non-codified and characterized by motor sequences that can configure MPs. Our comprehensive classification method allows a detailed description of the physiological movements underlying differential motor control during sleep stages influenced by age and sex.
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