ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2024
Subjective brain fog: a four-dimensional characterization in 25,796 participants.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Psychosocial Burden, Multi-System Somatic Symptom Severity, and Weight-Related Stigma in Late Adolescents and Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey from Romania.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nutritional Approaches to Managing Brain Fog: Insights Into Neuroinflammation, the Gut-brain Axis, and Sleep.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Characterizing Initial Cervical Spine and Neurovascular Findings in 84 Consecutive Patients with Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness versus vestibular migraine: A narrative review.Headache · 2026Review
- Inflammation from mild COVID-19 results in persistent neurological and behavioral changes in rhesus macaques.Research square · 2025Article
- Real-world effectiveness of eptinezumab in chronic migraine-increase in good days in three subgroups: psychiatric comorbidities, prior subcutaneous anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide therapy, and migraine-associated brain fog.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System perspective of adults with long-standing atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- From Bacillus Criminalis to the Legalome: Will Neuromicrobiology Impact 21st Century Criminal Justice?Brain sciences · 2025Article
- De novo post-COVID-19 chronic pain: a piece of information about risk factor and clinical features.Pain reports · 2025Article
- Cutting through the fog: recognising brain fog as a significant public health concern.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Clear Skies, Cloudy Mind: Probiotic-Related Brain Fogginess in a Commercial Airline Pilot.Cureus · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Brain fog is associated with significant morbidity and reduced productivity and gained increasing attention after COVID-19. However, this subjective state has not been systematically characterised. Objective: To characterise self-reported brain fog. Design: We systematically studied the cross-sectional associations between 29 Setting: Digital application for remote data collection. Participants: 25,796 individuals over the age of 18 who downloaded and completed the application. Results: 7,280 of 25,796 individuals (28.2%) reported experiencing brain fog, who were generally older (mean brain fog 35.7 ± 11.9 years vs. 32.8 ± 11.6 years, Conclusions and relevance: This is the largest study characterising subjective brain fog as an impairment of concentration associated with functional impairments in activities of daily living. Brain fog was particularly associated with a history of long-COVID-19, migraines, concussion, and with 0.1 standard deviations lower cognitive scores, especially on modified Stroop testing, suggesting impairments in the ability to inhibit cognitive interference. Further prospective studies in unselected brain fog sufferers should explore the full spectrum of brain fog symptoms to differentiate it from its associated conditions.
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