Vitamin D, PTH, and Lipid Dysregulation in Osteoarthritis: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation, bone remodeling, and pain. Recent evidence suggests that Vitamin D insufficiency, alterations in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and dyslipidemia may play roles in the pathophysiology of OA, affecting calcium homeostasis and bone health. We investigated the association between Vitamin D, PTH levels, lipid profile, and calcium homeostasis in OA patients. Materials and Methods: This case-control study involved 200 participants, divided into OA and control groups, at a tertiary care center from April to May 2023. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, PTH, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and calcium were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess correlations between these biomarkers and OA status. Results: OA patients demonstrated significantly lower Vitamin D levels and higher PTH and total cholesterol levels compared to controls. Vitamin D insufficiency was prevalent, with a notable correlation between decreased Vitamin D levels, elevated PTH, and dyslipidemia. These findings suggest a potential metabolic interplay affecting OA progression and symptomatology. Conclusion: The study highlights a significant association between Vitamin D insufficiency, altered PTH levels, and lipid dysregulation in OA patients, underscoring the importance of assessing these parameters in the clinical management of OA. Further research is needed to explore the therapeutic implications of correcting Vitamin D insufficiency and lipid abnormalities in OA.