SynthesisFrontiers in pediatrics2024
Etiology of hospital mortality in children living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Feasibility of prehospital telemedicine for paediatric emergencies: a cluster-randomised pilot trial in Karachi, Pakistan.BMJ global health · 2026Trial
- Causes and Contributing Factors of In-Hospital and Post-Discharge Mortality Among Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Pediatric assessment and early resuscitation capacity building: Multi-country implementation of the StART Training-of-Trainers Model in Rwanda, Uganda, and Nigeria.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Adopting a Comprehensive Approach to Improve Nutritional Status among Critically Ill Children in Low-Resource Settings: A Narrative Review.International journal of preventive medicine · 2026Review
- Age-Stratified Clinical and Microbiological Profiles in Pediatric Infectious Disease Admissions: Implications for Risk Prediction and Antimicrobial Stewardship.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Task-shifting and system readiness: a narrative review of strategies for pediatric emergency care in low-resource settings.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Implementing and evaluating a Paediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) at a National Referral Hospital in Botswana.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Research trends in pediatric diseases in North Korea: a scoping review of North Korean medical journals, 2006-2019.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Prevalence, aetiology, and hospital outcomes of paediatric acute critical illness in resource-constrained settings (Global PARITY): a multicentre, international, point prevalence and prospective cohort study.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children admitted to adult intensive care and high-dependency units in Kenya: a multicenter registry-based analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
35 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In 2019, 80% of the 7.4 million global child deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Global and regional estimates of cause of hospital death and admission in LMIC children are needed to guide global and local priority setting and resource allocation but are currently lacking. The study objective was to estimate global and regional prevalence for common causes of pediatric hospital mortality and admission in LMICs. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify LMIC observational studies published January 1, 2005-February 26, 2021. Eligible studies included: a general pediatric admission population, a cause of admission or death, and total admissions. We excluded studies with data before 2,000 or without a full text. Two authors independently screened and extracted data. We performed methodological assessment using domains adapted from the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Data were pooled using random-effects models where possible. We reported prevalence as a proportion of cause of death or admission per 1,000 admissions with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Our search identified 29,637 texts. After duplicate removal and screening, we analyzed 253 studies representing 21.8 million pediatric hospitalizations in 59 LMICs. All-cause pediatric hospital mortality was 4.1% [95% CI 3.4%-4.7%]. The most common causes of mortality (deaths/1,000 admissions) were infectious [12 (95% CI 9-14)]; respiratory [9 (95% CI 5-13)]; and gastrointestinal [9 (95% CI 6-11)]. Common causes of admission (cases/1,000 admissions) were respiratory [255 (95% CI 231-280)]; infectious [214 (95% CI 193-234)]; and gastrointestinal [166 (95% CI 143-190)]. We observed regional variation in estimates. Pediatric hospital mortality remains high in LMICs. Global child health efforts must include measures to reduce hospital mortality including basic emergency and critical care services tailored to the local disease burden. Resources are urgently needed to promote equity in child health research, support researchers, and collect high-quality data in LMICs to further guide priority setting and resource allocation.
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