ArticleCureus2024
Female Attendings in University Clinics of Surgery in Germany: A Scoping Analysis of an Ongoing Disparity.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Analyzing audience participation at the 43rd workshop of the german surgical working group on endocrinology (CAEK): gender balance in academic discussion dynamics in endocrine surgery.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2026Article
- Contemporary challenges for a curriculum to foster interest in surgical careers: a multicentric study on the evolving needs of female medical students to consider a career as a surgeon in Germany.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- The gendered devaluation of psychotherapy.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionGender-based discrimination, particularly in healthcare, affects women's roles and opportunities, including in surgery where they remain underrepresented in leadership positions. The extent to which such discrimination is prevalent in attending positions is unclear.
methodsThe publicly available records of 48 universities and university-associated hospitals in Germany were extracted to quantify gender ratios among attending surgeons and head surgeons in the fields of visceral, vascular, cardiac, thoracic, pediatric, orofacial, neuro-, trauma, and plastic surgery. Statistical analysis, including Chi-Square tests and Student's t-test, was used to analyze the data.
resultsAmong the 367 department heads, 353 (96.2%) were male and 14 (3.8%) were female. Among the 2,366 attendings, 1,854 (78.4%) were men and 512 (21.6%) were women. These differences were significant (χ²=64.95, p<0.001, odds ratio=0.14, 95% confidence interval=0.08-0.25). Departments being led by a female department head were not more likely to employ female attendings (χ²=0.379, p=0.538, odds ratio=1.17, 95% confidence interval=0.70-1.96).
conclusionGerman surgical departments in University Hospitals have significant gender disparities, with women underrepresented at higher levels. This may negatively affect patient outcomes. To tackle the problem, further research is needed to fully understand the issue.
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