ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2024
An Integrated Perspective of Effort and Perception of Effort.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Effects of isolated and combined supplementation of caffeine and capsaicin on a self-paced 10-km running performance.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Nature immersion in virtual reality has limited hypoalgesia effects for muscle pain or motor performance benefits during prescribed and self-regulated tasks.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- A Hitchhiker's Guide to Physical and Cognitive Effort.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Contralateral Thermal Pain and Naturally Occurring Muscle Pain Have Different Effects on Force Production During a Fixed Perceived Effort Handgrip Task.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Modifying the Meaning of the Upper Anchor Predictably Shapes Ratings of Perceived Effort: A Randomized Crossover Trial.Sports medicine - open · 2026Article
- Interest and effort in learning and performance.The British journal of educational psychology · 2026Article
- Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task Training (CMDT) Approaches for Performance, Recovery, Injury Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Return to Sport in Soccer: A Narrative Review with Practical Recommendations for Soccer Clubs.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- The Role of Sex in Individual and Group Rowing Performance.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effort and its perception revisited: How physical-domain insights could lead toward a unified theory.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Increasing the cognitive demand of upper-limb psychomotor tasks increases the perception of effort.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- The cognitive and motor determinants of the perception of effort.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Computational signatures of exertion and rest underlie moment-to-moment dynamics of subjective perceptions of effort and fatigue.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Closed vs. Open-Skill Contexts in Basketball: Insights into Reactive and Nonreactive Short Distance Sprint Performance More Closely Aligned with Game Demands.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Micro-recovery dosing in elite sport: an initiative-taking, organization-wide recovery framework.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Perception of effort decreases with motor sequence learning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring The Physiological and Physical Basis of RPE Responses in Soccer: A Comparative Analysis of Internal and External Load Determinants Across Different Training Drills.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2025Article
- Fatigue of Cancer is Distinctly Different than the Fatigue of Chronic Kidney Disease.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Article
- Boredom signals deviation from a cognitive homeostatic set point.Communications psychology · 2025Review
- Cognitive Motor Dual Tasking as a game-changer in basketball training programs: a new approach to developing elite basketball players.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Effort and the perception of effort (PE) have been extensively studied across disciplines, resulting in multiple definitions. These inconsistencies block scientific progress by impeding effective communication between and within fields. Here, we present an integrated perspective of effort and PE that is applicable to both physical and cognitive activities. We define effort as the energy utilized to perform an action. This definition can be applied to biological entities performing various voluntary or involuntary activities, irrespective of whether the effort contributes to goal achievement. Then, we define PE as the instantaneous experience of utilizing energy to perform an action. This definition builds on that of effort without conflating it with other subjective experiences. We explore the nature of effort and PE as constructs and variables and highlight key considerations in their measurement. Our integrated perspective aims to facilitate a deeper understanding of these constructs, refine research methodologies, and promote interdisciplinary collaborations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.