ArticleBMC neurology2024
Correlation of bilateral M1 hand area excitability and overall functional recovery after spinal cord injury: protocol for a prospective cohort study.
Article in BMC neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Drp1 in M1 layer V GABAergic neurons orchestrates rTMS-mediated motor restoration and analgesia after spinal cord injury.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Functional near-infrared spectroscopy: Systematic mapping of abnormal brain function features in neurological disorders.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Motor Cortex rTMS Alleviates Pain and Comorbid Depression After Spinal Cord Injury with a Correlate in M1 Intracortical Inhibition.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- The brain activation on upper extremity motor control tasks in different forces levels.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Corticospinal Excitability in Bilateral M1 Hand Areas: Association with Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- The application of fNIRS-sEMG in the study of muscle-brain coupling.Frontiers in neurologyReview
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAfter spinal cord injury (SCI), a large number of survivors suffer from severe motor dysfunction (MD). Although the injury site is in the spinal cord, excitability significantly decreases in the primary motor cortex (M1), especially in the lower extremity (LE) area. Unfortunately, M1 LE area-targeted repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has not achieved significant motor improvement in individuals with SCI. A recent study reported that the M1 hand area in individuals with SCl contains a compositional code (the movement-coding component of neural activity) that links matching movements from the upper extremities (UE) and the LE. However, the correlation between bilateral M1 hand area excitability and overall functional recovery is unknown.
objectiveTo clarify the changes in the excitability of the bilateral M1 hand area after SCI and its correlation with motor recovery, we aim to specify the therapeutic parameters of rTMS for SCI motor rehabilitation.
methodsThis study is a 12-month prospective cohort study. The neurophysiological and overall functional status of the participants will be assessed. The primary outcomes included single-pulse and paired-pulse TMS. The second outcome included functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements. Overall functional status included total motor score, modified Ashworth scale score, ASIA Impairment Scale grade, spinal cord independence measure and modified Barthel index. The data will be recorded for individuals with SCI at disease durations of 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 12 months. The matched healthy controls will be measured during the same period of time after recruitment. DISCUSSION: The present study is the first to analyze the role of bilateral M1 hand area excitability changes in the evaluation and prediction of overall functional recovery (including motor function and activities of daily living) after SCI, which will further expand the traditional theory of the predominant role of M1, optimize the current rTMS treatment, and explore the brain-computer interface design for individuals with SCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2300068831.
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