ArticleBMJ open2024
Incidence and predictors of diabetic foot ulcer among patients with diabetes mellitus in a diabetic follow-up clinic in Central Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global Epidemiology of Diabetic Foot: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Prediction of Factors Influencing the Incidence of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using Classical Statistical and Machine Learning Approaches: A Systematic Review.International wound journal · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of diabetic foot ulcers and associated factors among adults in Ethiopia.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors of diabetic foot ulcer among patients with diabetes mellitus in Eastern Sudan: A cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundDiabetic foot ulcer is a major medical, social, and economic problem, and a leading cause of hospitalisations, increased morbidity, and mortality. Despite a rising occurrence, there is a dearth of data on the incidence and its predictors.
objectiveTo assess the incidence and predictors of diabetic foot ulcers among patients with diabetes mellitus in a diabetic follow-up clinic in Central Ethiopia.
designRetrospective follow-up study design.
participantsA total of 418 newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus patients from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2022. A computer-generated simple random sampling method was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using a structured data extraction checklist. The collected data were entered into Epi Info V.7.2 and exported to STATA V.14 for analysis. To estimate survival time, the Kaplan-Meier method was used, and the survival difference was tested using a log-rank test. OUTCOME MEASURES: The Cox proportional hazard model was fitted to identify the predictors of diabetic foot ulcer development. The strength of the association was estimated using an adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and statistical significance was proclaimed at a p<0.05.
resultThe overall incidence of diabetic foot ulcer was 1.51 cases (95% CI 1.03 to 2.22) per 100 person-years of observation. The cumulative incidence was 6.2% (95% CI 4.1% to 8.6%) over 10 years. The median time of follow-up was 45 months (IQR 21-73). Diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or above (AHR 2.91, 95% CI 1.25 to 6.77), taking combined medication (AHR 3.24, 95% CI 1.14 to 9.19) and having a peripheral arterial disease (AHR 5.26, 95% CI 1.61 to 17.18) were statistically significant predictors of diabetic foot ulcer development.
conclusionThe risk of occurrence of diabetic foot ulcer was relatively high. Diastolic blood pressure level, combined medication and peripheral arterial disease were independent predictors of diabetic foot ulcer development. Hence, close monitoring and proper interventions are essential.
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