SynthesisInternational ophthalmology2024
Benefits and risks of orthokeratology treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Low-Dose Atropine and Other Interventions for Pediatric Myopia: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Post-treatment Outcomes.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Compliance with orthokeratology lens wear: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Age-Specific Efficacy of MiSight Dual-Focus Soft Contact Lenses and Orthokeratology Lenses for Myopia Control in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Comparative Study.Eye & contact lens · 2026Article
- Neuro-ophthalmic review on pediatric myopia: Advancing from refraction to a brain-centric model of axial growth.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Orthokeratology and retinal risk: a new dimension in myopia control.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- A natural experiment in school lighting: observational evidence linking far-red light exposure to slower myopia progression in Chinese Uyghur schoolchildren.BMC public health · 2026Observational
- AI-guided personalized predictions on myopia progression and interventions.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a risk prediction model for dry eye disease in myopic children.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Orthokeratology for Myopia Control Among Parents of Orthokeratology-Wearing Children.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Positive/negative binocular fusional C-optotypes and 2D planar C-optotypes on transient accommodation and stability in adult eyes: implications for myopia prevention and control.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Comparative corneal biomechanical changes after FS-LASIK and orthokeratology.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Article
- Baseline ocular biometrics in children with orthokeratology-induced axial length reduction or elongation.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Slowing Myopia Progression in Adolescents Using Orthokeratology: A Retrospective Chart Review.Cureus · 2025Article
- Peripheral Defocus in Orthokeratology Myopia Correction: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Clinical advantages of multifocal soft contact lenses in myopia control for adolescents.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Analysis of axial shortening induced by orthokeratology lenses and its mechanical mechanisms.PloS one · 2025Article
- Nomogram-based prediction of continued axial elongation in children undergoing orthokeratology.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Analysis of refractive development characteristics in school-age children based on biometric measurements: a cross-sectional study involving 12,025 primary school students from Xingtai City.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Blinking characteristics analyzed by a deep learning model and the relationship with tear film stability in children with long-term use of orthokeratology.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis meta-analysis reviews the evidence for the risks and benefits associated with orthokeratology (OK) treatment compared with other methods of myopia control in children and adults.
methodsA systematic search of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Pubmed, Embase and Ovid was conducted from database inception to 22nd August 2021. Studies that reported on risks, visual and ocular biometric effects of OK in patients > 5 years of age with myopia (- 0.75 to - 6.00D) were included. Main outcomes are change in axial length and any adverse event.
resultsFourty-five papers were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The quality of data was variable and of moderate certainty, and selection bias likely skewed the results towards a relative benefit for OK. The rate of axial elongation in children was lower for OK treatment compared to other treatment modalities at one year (MD - 0.16 mm, 95% CI - 0.25 to - 0.07). Rate of change in axial length in children rebounded after OK discontinuation compared to participants who continued treatment (MD 0.10 mm, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.14). Adults and children wearing OK were up to 3.79 times more likely to experience an adverse event when compared with conventional contact lenses (OR 3.79, 95% CI 1.24 to ll.), though this evidence base is underdeveloped and requires additional well-designed studies for substantial conclusions to be drawn.
conclusionsOK arrests myopia progression while in use, however, there remain unanswered questions about the optimal duration of treatment, discontinuation effects and long-term risk for adverse events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.