ArticleVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2024
An extensive immunohistochemical analysis of 290 ovarian adult granulosa cell tumors with 29 markers.
Article in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Granulosa cell tumors and menopausal hormone therapy: A narrative review.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Review
- Does delayed surgery affect survival in recurrent ovarian adult-type granulosa cell tumor? A retrospective study from a high-volume medical center.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2026Article
- Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type: three case reports.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- A molecular and immunohistochemical study of 37 cases of ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Complex immunohistochemical and molecular study on 5 cases of ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumors reveals a consistent alteration in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Diagnostic pathology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The current knowledge about the immunohistochemical features of adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) is mostly limited to the "traditional" immunohistochemical markers of sex cord differentiation, such as inhibin, calretinin, FOXL2, SF1, and CD99. Knowledge about the immunohistochemical markers possibly used for predictive purpose is limited. In our study, we focused on the immunohistochemical examination of 290 cases of AGCT classified based on strict diagnostic criteria, including molecular testing. The antibodies used included 12 of the "diagnostic" antibodies already examined in previous studies, 10 antibodies whose expression has not yet been examined in AGCT, and 7 antibodies with possible predictive significance, including the expression of HER2, PD-L1, CTLA4, and 4 mismatch repair (MMR) proteins. The results of our study showed expression of FOXL2, SF1, CD99, inhibin A, calretinin, ER, PR, AR, CKAE1/3, and CAIX in 98%, 100%, 90%, 78%, 45%, 41%, 94%, 82%, 26%, and 9% of AGCT, respectively. GATA3, SATB2, napsin A, MUC4, TTF1, and CD44 were all negative. PTEN showed a loss of expression in 71% of cases and DPC4 in 4% of cases. The aberrant staining pattern (overexpression) of p53 was found in 1% (3/268) of cases, 2 primary tumors, and 1 recurrent case. Concerning the predictive markers, the results of our study showed that AGCT is microsatellite stable, do not express PD-L1, and are HER2 negative. The CTLA4 expression was found in almost 70% of AGCT tumor cells.
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