ArticleBMJ open2024
Anticipated and experienced stigma and discrimination in the workplace among individuals with major depressive disorder in 35 countries: qualitative framework analysis of a mixed-method cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Do Gender and Chronic or Episodic Disability Type Moderate the Relationship Between Support Availability, Perceived Workplace Support Towards Disclosure and Job Disruptions?Journal of occupational rehabilitation · 2026Article
- A nationally representative survey of the impact of discrimination towards people with mental health problems: SANE's 2025 National Stigma Report Card.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2026Article
- Occupational therapists' perceived ability to facilitate reasonable accommodations in the workplace for employees with major depressive disorders.African journal of disability · 2026Article
- Translation and validation of the Arabic version of the Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale in Saudi patients with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
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19 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesWorkplace stigmatisation and discrimination are significant barriers to accessing employment opportunities, reintegration and promotion in the workforce for people with mental illnesses in comparison to other disabilities. This paper presents qualitative evidence of anticipated and experienced workplace stigma and discrimination among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) in 35 countries, and how these experiences differ across countries based on their Human Development Index (HDI) level.
designMixed-method cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS, SETTING AND MEASURES: The qualitative data were gathered as part of the combined European Union Anti-Stigma Programme European Network and global International Study of Discrimination and Stigma Outcomes for Depression studies examining stigma and discrimination among individuals with MDD across 35 countries. Anticipated and experienced stigma and discrimination were assessed using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale version 12 (DISC-12). This study used responses to the open-ended DISC-12 questions related to employment. Data were analysed using the framework analysis method.
resultsThe framework analysis of qualitative data of 141 participants identified 6 key 'frames' exploring (1) participants reported experiences of workplace stigma and discrimination; (2) impact of experienced workplace stigma and discrimination; (3) anticipated workplace stigma and discrimination; (4) ways of coping; (5) positive work experiences and (6) contextualisation of workplace stigma and discrimination. In general, participants from very high HDI countries reported higher levels of anticipated and experienced discrimination than other HDI groups (eg, less understanding and support, being more avoided/shunned, stopping themselves from looking for work because of expectation and fear of discrimination). Furthermore, participants from medium/low HDI countries were more likely to report positive workplace experiences.
conclusionsThis study makes a significant contribution towards workplace stigma and discrimination among individuals with MDD, still an under-researched mental health diagnosis. These findings illuminate important relationships that may exist between countries/contexts and stigma and discrimination, identifying that individuals from very high HDI countries were more likely to report anticipated and experienced workplace discrimination.
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