ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2024
Unraveling the interconversion pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of the major ginger constituents: [6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol, and zingerone after single-dose administration in rats.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Zingerone mitigates cognitive and motor impairments in a D-galactose-induced brain aging model: Role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Enhanced neuroprotection effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with 6-Gingerol in copper-overloaded traumatic brain injury via mGluR1.Biology direct · 2026Article
- A multimodal ROS generation and bimodal ferroptosis and cuproptosis self-reinforced strategy for effective bone metastases therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Effect of Spices and Their Phytochemicals: A Novel Approach to Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance.MedComm · 2026Review
- Zingerone alleviates acute seizures by reducing intrinsic hippocampal neuronal excitability in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Fermentation-Induced Changes in Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Activities ofDrug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Insights into biological activities profile of gingerols and shogaols for potential pharmacological applications.Archives of pharmacal research · 2025Review
- Characterization, Antioxidant Capacity, and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Ginger (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Investigation of the Zingerone's effects on wound healing in induced diabetic rats model.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- Anticancer Efficacy of Gingerol in Breast Cancer: Chemoprevention, Drug Synergism, and Nano-Formulations.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Immune metabolic restoration in systemic lupus erythematosus: the impact of gut microbiota, probiotics, and nutritional synergy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: The available Purpose: This study presents the first comprehensive Methods: The pharmacokinetics was investigated through single intravenous (3 mg/kg) or oral (30 mg/kg) administration of [6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol, or zingerone, followed by the determination of their tissue distribution after oral dosing (30 mg/kg). Intravenous pharmacokinetics was leveraged to evaluate the interconversion, circumventing potential confounders associated with the oral route. Results: All rats tolerated these compounds throughout the pharmacokinetic study. The parent compounds exhibited rapid but partial absorption, and extensive organ distribution with substantial biotransformation, thereby limiting the oral bioavailability of each compound to below 2% when administered as pure compounds. Conversion of [6]-gingerol to [6]-shogaol after intravenous administration, demonstrated a significantly larger clearance compared to the reverse conversion ([6]-shogaol to [6]-gingerol). The irreversible metabolic clearance for both compounds was significantly greater than their reversible bioconversions. Furthermore, [6]-gingerol underwent biotransformation to zingerone. Conjugated glucuronides were eliminated partly through renal excretion, with minimal fecal excretion. Conclusion: This
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