ReviewFrontiers in neuroergonomics2024
Optimizing spatial specificity and signal quality in fNIRS: an overview of potential challenges and possible options for improving the reliability of real-time applications.
Review in Frontiers in neuroergonomics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- NIRSLINK: A Modular Cascaded Wearable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy System for High-Speed Multi-Site Hemodynamic Monitoring.Biosensors · 2026Article
- Evaluating the reliability of functional near-infrared spectroscopy data in the context of a reasoning paradigm.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neurotechnological Natives and the Neurotechnology Shift: A Research Agenda for the Brain-as-Interface Era.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Review
- Single-subject detection of speech network activation using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Neurophotonics · 2026Article
- Exploring fNIRS-guided neurofeedback for supplementary motor area training in Parkinson's disease and healthy older adults.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- AI-Driven Hemodynamic Detection of Self-Induced Daydreaming With EMG-Based Physiological Triggers During Pre- and Post-Prandial States Using fNIRS and EGG.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Recruitment of the central nervous system in different hand tasks in patients with hand dysfunction after stroke based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy: an exploratory study.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Observational
- Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Assess Covert Volitional Brain Activity in Intensive Care.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Towards an understanding of somatosensory perturbation on covert speech production: a functional near infrared spectroscopy study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- DL-QC-fNIRS: a deep learning tool for automated quality control in functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals.Neurophotonics · 2026Article
- Frontal Cortex Entropy Derived From Resting-State fNIRS for Brain Age Prediction in Major Depressive Disorder.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- Effects of Baduanjin exercise on working memory in mild cognitive impairment: an fNIRS-based randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in Objective Audiometry: A Scoping Review and Clinical Perspectives.Audiology research · 2025Review
- DrSVision: A Machine Learning Tool for Cortical Region-Specific fNIRS Calibration Based on Cadaveric Head MRI.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Improving neuroimaging headgear placement robustness using facial-landmark-guided augmented reality.Neurophotonics · 2025Article
- Improving neuroimaging headgear placement robustness using facial-landmark guided augmented reality.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Cortical activation and functional connectivity in patients with chronic insomnia based on working memory tasks: a multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Paralanguage as a tool for shaping stress response in Listeners: Multimodal physiological sensing study.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in Monitoring Treatment Response in Psychiatry: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Differences in brain function entropy due to cognitive impairment: Application of functional near infrared spectroscopy measures during dual-tasking.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The optical brain imaging method functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a promising tool for real-time applications such as neurofeedback and brain-computer interfaces. Its combination of spatial specificity and mobility makes it particularly attractive for clinical use, both at the bedside and in patients' homes. Despite these advantages, optimizing fNIRS for real-time use requires careful attention to two key aspects: ensuring good spatial specificity and maintaining high signal quality. While fNIRS detects superficial cortical brain regions, consistently and reliably targeting specific regions of interest can be challenging, particularly in studies that require repeated measurements. Variations in cap placement coupled with limited anatomical information may further reduce this accuracy. Furthermore, it is important to maintain good signal quality in real-time contexts to ensure that they reflect the true underlying brain activity. However, fNIRS signals are susceptible to contamination by cerebral and extracerebral systemic noise as well as motion artifacts. Insufficient real-time preprocessing can therefore cause the system to run on noise instead of brain activity. The aim of this review article is to help advance the progress of fNIRS-based real-time applications. It highlights the potential challenges in improving spatial specificity and signal quality, discusses possible options to overcome these challenges, and addresses further considerations relevant to real-time applications. By addressing these topics, the article aims to help improve the planning and execution of future real-time studies, thereby increasing their reliability and repeatability.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.