Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38902508›Full record

ArticleAging clinical and experimental research2024

Prevalence of cognitive frailty and its associated factors in a population of Iranian older adults.

Mohammad Javad Ghanbarnia, Seyed Reza Hosseini, Alijan Ahmadi Ahangar, Reza Ghadimi, Ali Bijani

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Article in Aging clinical and experimental research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Global Prevalence of Cognitive Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Asia-Pacific psychiatry : official journal of the Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mohammad Javad GhanbarniaSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Seyed Reza HosseiniSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. hosseinirezaseyed@gmail.com.
Alijan Ahmadi AhangarMobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Reza GhadimiSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Ali BijaniSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn recent years cognitive frailty has emerged as an important predictor of adverse health outcomes in older adults. Herein, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive frailty in a population of community-dwelling older adults in Iran.

methodThis cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the second cycle of the Amirkola Health and Aging Project (AHAP). Physical frailty and cognitive impairment were evaluated using the FRAIL questionnaire and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) respectively. Cognitive frailty was defined as co-existence of frailty and cognitive impairment without presence of dementia. Depression and disability were assessed using the Persian version of geriatric depression scale (GDS) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) questionnaire.

resultsOverall 1775 individuals (47.1% female) with mean age of 69.7 ± 7.3 years were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 12.0%. The prevalence of cognitive frailty among males and females was 4.3% and 20.7%, respectively. After adjusting for all possible confounders through binary logistic regression analysis, factors such as older age (OR 1.06, CI 1.03-1.09), female gender (OR 2.25, CI 1.42-3.57), illiteracy (OR 3.84, CI 2.03-8.29), more comorbidities (OR 1.21, CI 1.12-1.31), depression (OR 2.01, CI 1.40-2.86), and greater IADL disability (OR 1.68, CI 1.44-3.96), were independently and significantly associated with cognitive frailty.

conclusionIn this population of Iranian older adults, prevalence of cognitive frailty was consistent with its estimated mean global prevalence. Age, gender, illiteracy, comorbidities, depression and IADL disability were associated with cognitive frailty. Further research is required to develop screening tools and prevention strategies.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionFrailtyActivities of Daily LivingAgedAged, 80 and overCognitionCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionFemaleFrail ElderlyGeriatric AssessmentHumansIndependent LivingIranMaleMiddle AgedCognitive dysfunctionDementiaDepressionDisabilityFrailtyInstrumental activities of daily living

Identifiers

PMID38902508
PMCPMC11189957

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.