ArticleToxicology and applied pharmacology2024
Employing a Toxic Aging Coin approach to assess hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI])-induced neurotoxic effects on behavior: Heads for age differences.
Article in Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tracing the threads: How toxic metals contribute to neurodegeneration.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Hexavalent Chromium Exposure Disrupts Cardiac Development in Chicken Embryos Through Oxidative Stress and Activation of TGFβ1/COL3A1 Pathway in Chick Embryos.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Article
- Metal Pollution in the Air and Its Effects on Vulnerable Populations: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hexavalent Chromium Oropharyngeal Aspiration Induced Behavior Effects and Essential Metal Dyshomeostasis in Young Hartley Guinea Pigs.Applied sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Trivalent chromium interacts directly with acetylated lysine.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2025Article
- Hexavalent chromium neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans targeted GABAergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neurons, and contributed to an aged phenotype.Neurotoxicology · 2025Article
- Review
- Current Understanding of Sex Differences in Metal-Induced Diseases.Current environmental health reports · 2025Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We are facing a rapidly growing geriatric population (65+) that will live for multiple decades and are challenged with environmental pollution far exceeding that of previous generations. Consequently, we currently have a poor understanding of how environmental pollution will impact geriatric health distinctly from younger populations. Few toxicology studies have considered age differences with geriatric individuals. Critically, all top ten most prevalent age-related diseases are linked to metal exposures. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a metal of major environmental health concern that can induce aging phenotypes and neurotoxicity. However, there are many knowledge gaps for Cr(VI) neurotoxicity, including how Cr(VI) impacts behavior. To address this, we exposed male rats across three ages (3-, 7-, and 18-months old) to Cr(VI) in drinking water (0, 0.05, 0.1 mg/L) for 90 days. These levels reflect the maximum contaminant levels determined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Here, we report how these Cr(VI) drinking water levels impacted rat behaviors using a battery of behavior tests, including grip strength, open field assay, elevated plus maze, Y-maze, and 3-chamber assay. We observed adult rats were the most affected age group and memory assays (spatial and social) exhibited the most significant effects. Critically, the significant effects were surprising as rats should be particularly resistant to these Cr(VI) drinking water levels due to the adjustments applied in risk assessment from rodent studies to human safety, and because rats endogenously synthesize vitamin C in their livers (vitamin C is a primary reducer of Cr[VI] to Cr[III]). Our results emphasize the need to broaden the scope of toxicology research to consider multiple life stages and suggest the current regulations for Cr(VI) in drinking water need to be revisited.
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