ArticleThe journal of nutrition, health & aging2024
The association of non-severe COVID-19 infection and progression to frailty among robust older veterans.
Article in The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Real-World Effectiveness of Boosting Against Omicron Hospitalization in Older Adults, Stratified by Frailty.Vaccines · 2025Article
- OPG and TNFR1 as Potential Biomarkers of Inflammation in Older Adults with Acute COVID-19 and Indicators of Frailty in Post-COVID-19: A Pilot Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Change in frailty among older COVID-19 survivors.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Observational
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStudies have shown that frailty was increased in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, it is not clear whether non-severe COVID-19 increases the risk for pre-frailty and frailty development. Our study aimed to determine the risk of developing frailty and pre-frailty in robust veterans who contracted non-severe COVID-19.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the development of pre-frailty and frailty status among robust U.S. veterans using VA COVID-19 Shared Data Resource. We included patients 55 years and older who had at least one SARS-CoV-2 testing between March 15, 2020, and November 30, 2020, had been active patients in the past 12 months, and had a VA frailty index of zero (robust status) at the time of testing. Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the association between COVID-19 infection and developing frailty or pre-frailty and frailty. We also assessed the association by patients' age groups, sex, and race.
findingsWe identified 82070 veterans mean age 68.3 ± 7.8, 74738 (91.1%) male, 53899 (65.7%) white, 7557 (9.2%) with mild COVID-19 infection. Over the follow up period of 36 months, testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with a 66% increase in the hazard of becoming frail (adjusted HR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.32-2.08), and a 68% increase in the hazard of becoming pre-frail (adjusted HR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.45-1.94). Among male patients, mild COVID-19 infection was associated with a 54% increase in the hazard of becoming frail (adjusted HR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.21-1.96), while among female patients there was a 330% increase (adjusted HR = 4.30, 95% CI: 2.13-8.64). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Non-severe COVID-19 infection that occurred in robust older adults increased the risk of developing frailty. Further multi-center prospective cohort studies evaluating the mechanism of action and clinical trials of treatment options for post-COVID frailty are indicated in Veterans to support clinical care.
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