ArticlePloS one2024
Insecticides, more than herbicides, land use, and climate, are associated with declines in butterfly species richness and abundance in the American Midwest.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biases in butterfly survey effort and patterns of protocol used across biogeographic regions.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · 2026Review
- Ecological dark matter: Insect decline and the planetary monitoring gap.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Effects of Local Management and Landscape Complexity on Insects and Ecosystem Services in Agroecosystems: A Review of the Intermediate Landscape Complexity Hypothesis.Ecology letters · 2026Review
- Barcoding Megadiversity: An Arthropod Database from Sites in the Neotropical Eastern Pacific Bioregion.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Asynchronous declines of native and exotic insect predators reduce pest suppression potential in agriculture.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Eastern North American Monarch Butterfly Conservation Needs and Opportunities: What the Science Tells Us.Insects · 2026Review
- Article
- An overview of agricultural neonicotinoid regulation in the EU, Canada, and the United States.Pest management science · 2025Review
- Why just fly?Fly · 2025Review
- Advancing the design of the kissing bug kill trap for surveillance of triatomines.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Three decades of declines restructure butterfly communities in the Midwestern United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Elevated extinction risk in over one-fifth of native North American pollinators.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The potential health risks of exposure to environmental chemicals - Global implications for future generations.Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Human acute poisoning incidents associated with neonicotinoid pesticides in the U.S. Incident Data System (IDS) database from 2018-2022 - frequency and severity show public health risks, regulatory failures.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows overall insect abundances are in decline globally. Habitat loss, climate change, and pesticides have all been implicated, but their relative effects have never been evaluated in a comprehensive large-scale study. We harmonized 17 years of land use, climate, multiple classes of pesticides, and butterfly survey data across 81 counties in five states in the US Midwest. We find community-wide declines in total butterfly abundance and species richness to be most strongly associated with insecticides in general, and for butterfly species richness the use of neonicotinoid-treated seeds in particular. This included the abundance of the migratory monarch (Danaus plexippus), whose decline is the focus of intensive debate and public concern. Insect declines cannot be understood without comprehensive data on all putative drivers, and the 2015 cessation of neonicotinoid data releases in the US will impede future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.