Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38898816›Full record

ArticleThe Gerontologist2024

Examining First- and Second-Level Digital Divide at the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status: An Analysis of the National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Kun Wang, Xiayu Summer Chen, Danan Gu, Brenda D Smith, Yanjun Dong, Jared Zak Peet

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Gerontologist, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kun WangDepartment of Social Work, College of Community and Public Affairs, The State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0606-1950
Xiayu Summer ChenSchool of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3747-3947
Danan GuIndependent Researcher, New York, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5228-8980
Brenda D SmithSchool of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA.
Yanjun DongSchool of Social Welfare, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA.
Jared Zak PeetDepartment of Social Work, College of Community and Public Affairs, The State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York, USA.

Funding

The National Health and Trends StudyU01AG032947 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI VICKI A. FREEDMAN, JENNIFER ANN SCHRACK · 2008 to 2026
$169.4M
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health U01AG032947NIA NIH HHS U01 AG032947
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesSignificant societal and technological changes in the 2010s called for an up-to-date understanding of the digital divide among older adults in the United States. This trend study aimed to examine the effects of race/ethnicity and the intersecting effects of race/ethnicity with other marginalized identities related to gender, income, education, and occupation on the first- and second-level digital divide. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsUtilizing a nationally representative sample of older community dwellers from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, we conducted weighted logistic regressions at 3 time points (2011/2013, 2015, and 2019). The first-level digital divide was measured by access to working phones or computers/laptops; the second-level divide was measured by 7 activities in personal task, social, and health-related Internet use.

resultsThe first-level racial/ethnic digital divide became nonsignificant in 2019, whereas the disparities in all second-level measures persisted. The intersecting effects of race/ethnicity with low education and/or low income became nonsignificant in 2019 for personal-task use. However, the interactions with low education and/or low income became significant for social and health-related use in 2015 and/or 2019. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: This study highlights the persistence of the second-level racial/ethnic digital divide among older community dwellers in the United States, especially the exacerbated social and health-related digital divide for people of color with low socioeconomic status. By considering intersections of marginalized social identities, policymakers and stakeholders should develop targeted strategies to bridge the digital divide, promote health outcomes, and reduce health disparities.

Indexed as

Digital DivideEthnicitySocial ClassAgedAged, 80 and overAgingFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRacial GroupsSex FactorsUnited StatesBIPOCHealth-related Internet useNational Health and Aging Trends StudyPersonal-task Internet useSocial networking sites

Identifiers

PMID38898816
PMCPMC11308174

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.