Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38898505›Full record

ReviewCell communication and signaling : CCS2024

Mechanisms, combination therapy, and biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy resistance.

Manshi Yang, Mengying Cui, Yang Sun, Shui Liu, Weibo Jiang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  7. Article
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  12. Programmed Cell Death Protein 1-Interleukin-2 Bispecific Agents for Cancer Therapy.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026
    Review
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  20. Frontiers in oncology · 2026
    Article

2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Manshi Yang *Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
Mengying Cui *Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
Yang SunDepartment of Orthopaedic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
Shui LiuDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
Weibo JiangDepartment of Orthopaedic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China. jiangweibo@jlu.edu.cn.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of China No. 82303116Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province YDZJ202201ZYTS281Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province YDZJ202301ZYTS047Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province YDZJ202301ZYTS080Science and Technology Research Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Education JJKH20231228KJ
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Anti-programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) antibodies exert significant antitumor effects by overcoming tumor cell immune evasion and reversing T-cell exhaustion. However, the emergence of drug resistance causes most patients to respond poorly to these immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Studies have shown that insufficient T-cell infiltration, lack of PD-1 expression, deficient interferon signaling, loss of tumor antigen presentation, and abnormal lipid metabolism are all considered to be closely associated with immunotherapy resistance. To address drug resistance in tumor immunotherapy, a lot of research has concentrated on developing combination therapy strategies. Currently, ICIs such as anti-PD-1 /PD-L1 antibody combined with chemotherapy and targeted therapy have been approved for clinical treatment. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms of resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in terms of the tumor microenvironment, gut microbiota, epigenetic regulation, and co-inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors. We also discuss various promising combination therapeutic strategies to address resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs, including combining these therapies with traditional Chinese medicine, non-coding RNAs, targeted therapy, other ICIs, and personalized cancer vaccines. Moreover, we focus on biomarkers that predict resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy as well as combination therapy efficacy. Finally, we suggest ways to further expand the application of immunotherapy through personalized combination strategies using biomarker systems.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, NeoplasmImmunotherapyNeoplasmsAnimalsBiomarkers, TumorCombined Modality TherapyHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsTumor MicroenvironmentBiomarkers, TumorImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsBiomarkerCancerCombination therapyImmunotherapy resistanceMechanism

Identifiers

PMID38898505
PMCPMC11186190

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.