ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2024
Population attributable fraction of total stroke associated with modifiable risk factors in the United States.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Secondary fracture risk after hip fracture in older patients: an updated sex-specific systematic review and meta analysis with GRADE and PAF assessment.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Pooled it
- Fear of falling risk after hip surgery in older adults: an updated sex-specific systematic review with GRADE and PAF assessment.BMC geriatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Smoking Interacts WithBiological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Estimated preventable fraction of chronic disease attributed to long-term physical activity and diet quality, independent of body weight: a prospective cohort study of three US cohorts.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Demographic, Clinical and Social Determinants of Blood Pressure Control Among Black men who have had Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Population attributable risk of traditional, under-recognised and female-specific factors for heart failure in women.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2026Article
- Shifting global landscape of BMI-related atrial fibrillation: a 50-year trend and projection analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Inequalities and age-period-cohort effects of global and regional burden for interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis: based on Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Population attributable fractions of cardiovascular diseases linked to lifestyle behaviors: the ATTICA study (2002-2022).Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Fermented dairy products intake and stroke risk: analyses of NHANES 2007-2018 data.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death in the United States across all race/ethnicity and sex groups, though disparities exist. We investigated the potential for primary prevention of total first stroke for Americans aged 20 years or older, stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. Specifically, we calculated population attributable fractions (PAFs) of first stroke for 7 potentially modifiable risk factors: smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation. Population attributable fractions are a function of (1) the relative risk of first stroke for people with the exposure and (2) the prevalence of the risk factor in the population. Relative risks came from recent meta-analyses, and sex- and race/ethnicity-specific prevalence estimates came from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey or Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (for atrial fibrillation only). Approximately one-third of strokes (35.7% [95% CI, 21.6-49.0] for women; 32.7% [95% CI, 19.2-45.1] for men) were attributable to the 7 risk factors we considered. A 20% proportional reduction in stroke risk factors would result in approximately 37 000 fewer strokes annually in the United States. The estimated PAF was highest for non-Hispanic Black women (39.3%; 95% CI, 24.8-52.3) and lowest for non-Hispanic Asian men (25.5%; 95% CI, 14.6-36.2). For most groups, obesity and hypertension were the largest contributors to stroke rates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.