ReviewAmerican journal of clinical dermatology2024
An Update on New and Existing Treatments for the Management of Melasma.
Review in American journal of clinical dermatology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07345507 (Comparison of Efficacy of Metformin Gel 30% vs Triple Combination Cream), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Efficacy of Metformin Gel 30% vs Triple Combination Cream (Hydroquinone 4%, Flucinolone Acetonide 0.01%, Tretinoin 0.025%) in Treatment of Melasma in Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Efficacy and Safety of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Melasma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Photothermal-Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Conventional Platelet-Rich Plasma for Melasma: A Split-Face, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine · 2026Trial
- Bionic intelligent responsive barbed microneedles synergistically remodel the microenvironment for the treatment of refractory pigmentation disorders (melasma).Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Glutathione for skin lightening via intravenous, oral, and topical routes: a critical narrative review of current evidence, safety, and the evidence-practice gap.Journal of medicine and life · 2026Review
- Article
- Innovations in Refractory Melasma: Mechanism-Based Management and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Cureus · 2026Review
- Clinical Effects and Safety of Radiofrequency Microneedling for the Management of Melasma: A Retrospective Study.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2026Article
- Subtype-Specific Response to Fractional-Mode Q-Switched Ruby Laser in Melasma: A Prospective Single-Blind Clinical Study Using Clinical and Noninvasive Imaging Assessments.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of 675-nm Laser Monotherapy for Melasma in Fitzpatrick Skin Types III-V: A Prospective Pre-Post Intervention Study.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Beyond the boundaries of pigmentation and inflammation: understanding the mechanistic basis of melasma-rosacea comorbidity.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding melasma among female patients.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Safety and Feasibility of Compound Glycyrrhizin-Based Combination Therapy for Coexisting Facial Vitiligo and Melasma: A Real-World Retrospective Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- The Quality and Reliability of Short Videos About Melasma on TikTok and Bilibili: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Nerve Block-Assisted Intradermal Injection of Tranexamic Acid, Vitamin C, and Glutathione for Melasma: A Split-Face Comparative Study.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- The DiatomAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Impact of Sleep Quality on Skin Color.Indian dermatology online journal · 2025Article
- Review
- Efficacy and Tolerability of a New Facial 2-Mercaptonicotinoyl Glycine-Containing Depigmenting Serum Versus Hydroquinone 4% over 3-Month Treatment of Facial Melasma.Dermatology and therapy · 2025Article
- In Vivo Evaluation of Melasma Pathologic Features and Treatment Response by 2-Photon Microscopy.JAMA dermatology · 2025Article
- Melasma secondary to drugs: a real-world pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Melasma is a chronic, acquired disorder of focal hypermelanosis that carries significant psychosocial impact and is challenging for both the patient and the treating practitioner to manage in the medium to long term. Multiple treatments have been explored, often in combination given the many aetiological factors involved in its pathogenesis. Therapeutic discoveries to treat melasma are a focal topic in the literature and include a range of modalities, with recent developments including updates on visible light photoprotection, non-hydroquinone depigmenting agents, oral tranexamic acid, chemical peels, and laser and energy-based device therapy for melasma. It is increasingly important yet challenging to remain up-to-date on the arsenal of treatments available for melasma to find an efficacious and well-tolerated option for our patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.