ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2024
The Application of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles (2 nm) Functionalized with Doxorubicin in Three-Dimensional Normal and Glioblastoma Organoid Models of the Blood-Brain Barrier.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mapping the Cerebral Organoid Landscape: A Systematic Review of Preclinical 3D Models in Neuroscience.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Organoids as next-generation models for investigating intracranial tumours.Molecular brain · 2026Review
- Organoids to Model Tumor Microenvironment in Progression of Pathogenesis and Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Modeling blood-brain barrier-glioblastoma interactions: implications for chemoresistance and therapeutic targeting.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems in Glioblastoma Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Small Particles, Big Impact: Inorganic Nanotechnology for Glioblastoma.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Physicochemical design of nanobiomaterials in oncology: structure-to-function principles for sequential transport and delivery.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Recent advances in applications of nanoparticles and decellularized ECM for organoid engineering.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Hybridization on DNA-Coated Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles (2 nm).Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Rational Design and Applications of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles.Topics in current chemistry (Cham) · 2025Review
- Enhanced Stability of Multi-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles and Potential Anticancer Efficacy on Human Cervical Cancer Cells.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- The blood-brain barriers: novel nanocarriers for central nervous system diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Nanotherapy of Glioblastoma-Where Hope Grows.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Advances and Challenges in Nano-Delivery Systems for Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Harnessing Organoid Platforms for Nanoparticle Drug Development.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Multiple sclerosis: etiology in the context of neurovascular unit and immune system involvement and advancements withFrontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Functional Food Nutrients, Redox Resilience Signaling and Neurosteroids for Brain Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Gold Nanoparticles: Multifunctional Properties, Synthesis, and Future Prospects.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Among brain tumors, glioblastoma (GBM) is very challenging to treat as chemotherapeutic drugs can only penetrate the brain to a limited extent due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles can be an attractive solution for the treatment of GBM as they can transport drugs across the BBB into the tumor. In this study, normal and GBM organoids comprising six brain cell types were developed and applied to study the uptake, BBB penetration, distribution, and efficacy of fluorescent, ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (AuTio-Dox-AF647s) conjugated with doxorubicin (Dox) and AlexaFluor-647-cadaverine (AF647) by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), using a mixture of dissolved doxorubicin and fluorescent AF647 molecules as a control. It was shown that the nanoparticles could easily penetrate the BBB and were found in normal and GBM organoids, while the dissolved Dox and AF647 molecules alone were unable to penetrate the BBB. Flow cytometry showed a reduction in glioblastoma cells after treatment with AuTio-Dox nanoparticles, as well as a higher uptake of these nanoparticles by GBM cells in the GBM model compared to astrocytes in the normal cell organoids. In summary, our results show that ultrasmall gold nanoparticles can serve as suitable carriers for the delivery of drugs into organoids to study BBB function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.