ReviewCancers2024
Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Molecular Subtype-Specific Immune Landscapes with Therapeutic Implications.
Review in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunohistochemistry-based molecular subtypes and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer: a chemotherapy-only cohort.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Deciphering glutamine metabolic reprogramming: a novel therapeutic target ALDH18A1 in triple-negative breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Beyond Molecular Classification in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Toward Subtype-Guided Precision Oncology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Molecular Subtypes; Immune Escape; Limitations of Current Immunotherapy; and the BTLA/HVEM/CD160 Axis as an Emerging Target.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Peptide-mediated immunomodulation of tumor microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer: A comprehensive review.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2026Review
- PFDN5 synergizes with anti-PD1 therapy to promote triple-negative breast cancer cell death through JAK2/STAT3/c-Myc signaling axis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring Cutting-Edge Strategies for the Management of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Through Drug Repurposing.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Dynamic Metabolic States in TNBC: Orchestrating Spatiotemporal Adaptation and Therapy.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Emerging Breast Cancer Subpopulations: Functional Heterogeneity Beyond the Classical Subtypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- PD-L1 targeting in triple negative breast cancer: in silico and in vitro validation of wasp venom peptide MP-1.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Dissecting the Non-Immune Tumor Microenvironment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Molecular Subtype-Specific Patterns and Prognostic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- From cold to hot tumors: feasibility of applying therapeutic insights to TNBC.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles loaded with functionally active miR-34a mimic can modify the anti-tumor response in 4T1 breast cancer animal model.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Regulation of major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) gene methylation using DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and PD-L1 inhibitor in triple negative breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- N1 and N2 neutrophil subtypes in breast cancer: functional implications and clinical perspectives: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Targeting the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: The Promise of Polyphenols.Cancers · 2025Review
- Cellular Epigenetic Targets and Epidrugs in Breast Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression and Drug Resistance in the Context of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.Cancers · 2025Review
- Analysis of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in TNBC cell-cell interactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Latest Therapeutical Approaches for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: From Preclinical to Clinical Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is characterized by distinct molecular subtypes with unique biological and clinical features. This systematic review aimed to identify articles examining the differences in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) across different TNBC molecular subtypes. Six studies meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed, utilizing gene expression profiling and bioinformatic analyses to classify TNBC samples into molecular subtypes, as well as immunohistochemistry and cell deconvolution methods to characterize the TIME. Results revealed significant heterogeneity in immune cell composition among TNBC subtypes, with the immunomodulatory (IM) subtype demonstrating robust immune infiltration, composed mainly of adaptive immune cells along with an increased density of CTLA-4+ and PD-1+ TILs, high PD-L1 tumor cell expression, and upregulation of FOXP3+ Tregs. A more immunosuppressive TIME with a predominance of innate immune cells and lower levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was observed in luminal androgen receptor (LAR) tumors. In mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) tumors, the TIME was mainly composed of innate immune cells, with a high number of M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), while the BL and M tumors displayed poor adaptive and innate immune responses, indicating an "immune-cold" phenotype. Differential activation of signaling pathways, genomic diversity, and metabolic reprogramming were identified as contributors to TIME heterogeneity. Understanding this interplay is crucial for tailoring therapeutic strategies, especially regarding immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.