ArticleCancers2024
Proton Beam Therapy for Treating Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Major Portal Vein Tumor Invasion: A Single Center Retrospective Study.
Article in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multi-Institutional Proton Beam Therapy Outcomes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma From the Proton Collaborative Group REG001-09 Registry Study.Advances in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Proton Beam Therapy for Untreated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Unsuitable for Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization.Liver cancer · 2026Article
- Locoregional Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) has a poor prognosis and is generally not indicated for surgery. Proton beam therapy (PBT) may offer an alternative treatment. In this study, long-term outcomes were examined in 116 patients (median age 66 years, 100 males) with HCC with advanced PVTT (Vp3 or Vp4) who received PBT from April 2008 to March 2018. Of these patients, 63 received PBT as definitive treatment and 53 as palliative treatment. The representative dose was 72.6 Gy (RBE) in 22 fractions. Eight patients died in follow-up, including 72 due to tumor progression. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 18.0% (95% CI 9.8-26.2%) and the 5-year local control (LC) rate was 86.1% (74.9-97.3%). In multivariate analyses, performance status and treatment strategy were significantly associated with OS. The median follow-up period for survivors with definitive treatment was 33.5 (2-129) months, and the 5-year OS rate was 25.1% (12.9-37.3%) in these cases. The median survival time after definitive irradiation was >20 months. The 5-year OS rate was 9.1% (0-19.7%) for palliative irradiation. These results compare favorably with those of other therapies and suggest that PBT is a useful option for cases of HCC with advanced PVTT that cannot undergo surgery, with an expected survival benefit and good local control. Determining the optimal indication for this treatment is a future challenge.
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Registered trials
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