ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Small Molecule Therapeutics in the Pipeline Targeting for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Origin, Challenges, Opportunities, and Mechanisms of Action.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Atomic degradation: chemical design strategies and immunotherapeutic mechanisms of radio-PROTACs.Annals of nuclear medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Special Focus on Phototherapy and Nanomaterials.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and Reactive Oxygen Species Regulate PD-L1 to Promote Migration and Proliferation of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells.Oncology research · 2026Article
- A Darwinian Perspective on Tumor Evolution.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Seven Shades of Triple Negativity: A Review Unveiling the Low-Grade Spectrum of Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Docetaxel Resistance in Breast Cancer: Current Insights and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Synthesis and evaluation of quinolinvinyl-phenoxy-1,2,3-triazole-acetamide hybrids against breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dual-Gating Strategy: Ultrasound Activation of TRPV2 Channels and Borate-Glass-Induced Calcium Overload for Tumor Suppression.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Synthesis, Anticancer Screening, and In Silico Evaluations of Thieno[2,3-Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- CD151 Promotes Cancer Progression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inducing EMT through the MAPK Signaling Pathway.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are devoid of estrogen receptors (ERs), progesterone receptor (PRs), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and it (TNBC) counts for about 10-15% of all breast cancers. TNBC is highly invasive, having a faster growth rate and a higher risk of metastasis and recurrence. Still, chemotherapy is one of the widely used options for treating TNBC. This study reviewed the histological and molecular characterization of TNBC subtypes, signaling pathways that are aberrantly expressed, and small molecules targeting these pathways, as either single agents or in combination with other therapeutic agents like chemotherapeutics, immunotherapeutics, and antibody-drug conjugates; their mechanisms of action, challenges, and future perspectives were also reviewed. A detailed analytical review was carried out using the literature collected from the SciFinder, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, ACS, Springer, and Wiley databases. Several small molecule inhibitors were found to be therapeutics for treating TNBC. The mechanism of action and the different signaling pathways through which the small molecules exert their effects were studied, including clinical trials, if reported. These small molecule inhibitors include buparlisib, everolimus, vandetanib, apatinib, olaparib, salidroside, etc. Some of the signaling pathways involved in TNBC, including the VEGF, PARP, STAT3, MAPK, EGFR, P13K, and SRC pathways, were discussed. Due to the absence of these biomarkers, drug development for treating TNBC is challenging, with chemotherapy being the main therapeutic agent. However, chemotherapy is associated with chemoresistance and a high toxicity to healthy cells as side effects. Hence, there is a continuous demand for small-molecule inhibitors that specifically target several signaling pathways that are abnormally expressed in TNBC. We attempted to include all the recent developments in this field. Any omission is truly unintentional.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.