ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Guardians and Mediators of Metastasis: Exploring T Lymphocytes, Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review on leptin's role in defining cancer: special emphasis on immunomodulation, inflammation, and therapeutic interventions.Genes and immunity · 2025Pooled it
- Abscopal effect of focused ultrasound combined immunotherapy in animal solid tumor model: a systematic reviews and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Breast Cancer: Epidemiology, Molecular Classification, Diagnostics and Evolving Treatment Paradigms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- USP1-mediated lipophagy-lipogenesis axis drives cholangiocarcinoma progression and immune evasion.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- The evidence for the use of peripheral blood indices in the diagnosis of breast cancer.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Review
- A lactylation-related gene signature predicts prognosis and immunotherapy response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on machine learning and multi-omics analysis.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Targeting inflammatory microenvironments: overcoming therapy resistance and immunosuppression.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- HER2 Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer: Biological Basis, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Strategies.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Review
- An updated review on the role of extracellular vesicles in immune system modulation in breast cancer with special emphasis on immune checkpoint regulators.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tumor immunosenescence drives breast cancer progression and therapeutic resistance: mechanisms and emerging interventions.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Single cell mapping of B and T cell dynamics in breast cancer lymph node metastasis.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Targeting Macrophage Polarization in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: An Updated Review.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Review
- Regulation of immune-mediated chemoresistance in cancer by lncRNAs: an in-depth review of signaling pathways.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Unravelling the role of ubiquitin-specific proteases in breast carcinoma: insights into tumour progression and immune microenvironment modulation.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Review
- Machine learning-based diagnostic and prognostic models for breast cancer: a new frontier on the clinical application of natural killer cell-related gene signatures in precision medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Analysis of Expression Pattern and Prognostic Value of the Heparanase in Breast Cancer Through CD274/CTLA-4 Immune Checkpoint Proteins.Technology in cancer research & treatmentArticle
- Prognostic Superiority of the White Cell-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (WLR) in Predicting Overall Survival in Patients With Gliomas.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancers (BCs) are solid tumors composed of heterogeneous tissues consisting of cancer cells and an ever-changing tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME includes, among other non-cancer cell types, immune cells influencing the immune context of cancer tissues. In particular, the cross talk of immune cells and their interactions with cancer cells dramatically influence BC dissemination, immunoediting, and the outcomes of cancer therapies. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent prominent immune cell populations of breast TMEs, and they have important roles in cancer immunoescape and dissemination. Therefore, in this article we review the features of TILs, TAMs, and MDSCs in BCs. Moreover, we highlight the mechanisms by which these immune cells remodel the immune TME and lead to breast cancer metastasis.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.