ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2024
No-Restraint Committed General Hospital Psychiatric Units (SPDCs) in Italy-A Descriptive Organizational Study.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mental Health Nurses' Perceived Appropriateness of Coercive Measures and Security Technologies in Psychiatric Settings: A National Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2026Article
- Is a No-Restraint Policy Associated with Increased Aggression Towards Healthcare Professionals Among Inpatient Psychiatric Units? A 16-Year Retrospective Observational Study Conducted in Italy.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study describes and explores the application of no-restraint policies in General Hospital Psychiatric Units (GHPUs) in Italy, a country pioneering in deinstitutionalization and psychiatric reform. The research aims to assess the organizational characteristics and effectiveness of no-restraint practices, contributing to the global discourse on humane psychiatric care. Following a purposive sampling approach, a nationwide descriptive study was conducted involving a detailed online survey distributed to 24 GHPUs actively engaged in or aspiring toward no-restraint practices. The survey, comprising 60 items across seven sections, gathered comprehensive data on the structural, organizational, and operational dimensions of the units, along with the prevalence and management of restraint episodes. Results reveal a significant commitment to no-restraint policies, with 14 GHPUs reporting zero restraint incidents in 2022. Despite variations in infrastructure and staffing, a common thread was the implementation of systematic procedures and risk management training aimed at reducing coercive practices. The study identified a correlation between the use of exclusive garden spaces and an increased incidence of restraints, suggesting nuanced factors influencing restraint practices. The findings underscore the viability and ethical alignment of no-restraint practices within psychiatric care, highlighting the crucial role of organizational protocols and training. This research adds empirical weight to the advocacy for restraint-free environments in mental health settings, signaling a paradigm shift toward more humane and rights-respecting psychiatric care.
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Registered trials
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