ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2024
The novel 2024 WHO Neisseria gonorrhoeae reference strains for global quality assurance of laboratory investigations and superseded WHO N. gonorrhoeae reference strains-phenotypic, genetic and reference genome characterization.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Antimicrobial Resistance inMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates at the Bangrak STIs Center, Bangkok, Thailand and WGS of antimicrobial-resistant isolates, 2018-23.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- An antibody-drug conjugate active against antibiotic-resistantProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Rapid detection of ceftriaxone-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Trends and risk factors of antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Catalonia, Spain, 2022-2023.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Diversity and evolution of a phase-variable multi-locus antigen in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A penicillin-binding protein inhibitor series to target drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Awareness, Usage and Perceptions of Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (doxyPEP) for Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Australia: Insights From a National Cross-Sectional Survey.The Medical journal of Australia · 2026Article
- Diversity and evolution of a phase-variable multi-locus antigen inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial activity of natural quinone-methide triterpenoids celastrol and pristimerin against pathogenicMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Trends in population structure, antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance determinants ofJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Repurposing epetraborole to combatAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- High in vitro activity of the novel antimicrobial gepotidacin against Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in eight WHO Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme countries in three WHO regions, 2021-24.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Sexually transmitted infection prevalence and Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance patterns in men who have sex with men with or without urethral discharge syndrome in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2024.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Whole genome sequencing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae among key populations in two cities of Bangladesh reveals genomic diversity and stable antimicrobial resistance.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Emergence, evolution and temporal spread of ceftriaxone-resistantEmerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- The World Health Organization (WHO) Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP) reports continuously high levels of ceftriaxone resistance across Viet Nam, 2024.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- WHO global gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance programmes, 2019-22: a retrospective observational study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Observational
- Autochthonous transmission of extensively drug-resistantEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Global genomic and antimicrobial resistance profiling of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Insights from whole genome sequencing and minimum inhibitory concentration analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesMDR and XDR Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains remain major public health concerns internationally, and quality-assured global gonococcal antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance is imperative. The WHO global Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (GASP) and WHO Enhanced GASP (EGASP), including metadata and WGS, are expanding internationally. We present the phenotypic, genetic and reference genome characteristics of the 2024 WHO gonococcal reference strains (n = 15) for quality assurance worldwide. All superseded WHO gonococcal reference strains (n = 14) were identically characterized. MATERIAL AND
methodsThe 2024 WHO reference strains include 11 of the 2016 WHO reference strains, which were further characterized, and four novel strains. The superseded WHO reference strains include 11 WHO reference strains previously unpublished. All strains were characterized phenotypically and genomically (single-molecule PacBio or Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing).
resultsThe 2024 WHO reference strains represent all available susceptible and resistant phenotypes and genotypes for antimicrobials currently and previously used (n = 22), or considered for future use (n = 3) in gonorrhoea treatment. The novel WHO strains include internationally spreading ceftriaxone resistance, ceftriaxone resistance due to new penA mutations, ceftriaxone plus high-level azithromycin resistance and azithromycin resistance due to mosaic MtrRCDE efflux pump. AMR, serogroup, prolyliminopeptidase, genetic AMR determinants, plasmid types, molecular epidemiological types and reference genome characteristics are presented for all strains.
conclusionsThe 2024 WHO gonococcal reference strains are recommended for internal and external quality assurance in laboratory examinations, especially in the WHO GASP, EGASP and other GASPs, but also in phenotypic and molecular diagnostics, AMR prediction, pharmacodynamics, epidemiology, research and as complete reference genomes in WGS analysis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.