SynthesisBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2025
Pregnancy and birth complications and long-term maternal mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The global burden and risk factors of common mental disorders in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Non-genetic risk factors of miscarriage: a comprehensive umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive health · 2025Pooled it
- Pregnancy and birth complications and long-term maternal mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Pooled it
- Sociocultural and Structural Determinants of Black Maternal Mental Health: A Scoping Review.Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Association between maternal pregnancy complications and long-term depressive and anxiety disorders: evidence from the UK millennium cohort study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Women's motivations for and experiences with transabdominal cerclage: A qualitative study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Effects of weather factors and maternal characteristics on preterm birth: a six-year retrospective study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Medicine and motherhood: a cross-sectional survey of the experiences of women doctors in the Republic of Ireland.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Who is screened for perinatal mental health? findings from an academic health system in California.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Long-Term Risk of Chronic Diseases: Evidence from the Findings of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study During a Quarter of a Century.International journal of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Communicating unexpected news in the fetal medicine setting: experiences of pregnant women with mental health conditions (The UNDERSTAND study).BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Peripartum Depression as a Heart-Brain-Endocrine-Immune Syndrome: Neuroendocrine, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Pathways Underlying Maternal Vulnerability.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Structured psychological nursing and postpartum psychological outcomes in primiparous women: a retrospective temporal cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Associations of internet use and pregnancy loss with depression and anxiety among women in Bangladesh: evidence from the 2022 BDHS.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Women's Pregnancy Experiences With a Transvaginal Cervical Cerclage: A Qualitative Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Using the PowerMom Digital Health Platform to Support Prenatal Mental Health and Maternal Health Outcomes: Observational Cohort Study.JMIR mental health · 2025Observational
- Re-evaluating the link between internet use during pregnancy and low birth weight in light of maternal mental health.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Mode of birth and maternal depression/severe anxiety: Findings from Millennium Cohort Study.PloS one · 2025Article
- High Risk of Anxiety and Depression in Women With Different Types of Pregnancy Complications in France: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of pregnancy · 2025Article
- Beyond survival: The impact of birth complications on postpartum wellbeing for mothers, babies, and households in Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFew studies have examined the associations between pregnancy and birth complications and long-term (>12 months) maternal mental health outcomes.
objectivesTo review the published literature on pregnancy and birth complications and long-term maternal mental health outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY: Systematic search of Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), PsycInfo®, PubMed® and Web of Science from inception until August 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA: Three reviewers independently reviewed titles, abstracts and full texts. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently extracted data and appraised study quality. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled estimates. The Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were followed. The protocol was prospectively registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022359017). MAIN
resultsOf the 16 310 articles identified, 33 studies were included (3 973 631 participants). Termination of pregnancy was associated with depression (pooled adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.20-1.83) and anxiety disorder (pooled aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20-1.71). Miscarriage was associated with depression (pooled aOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.38-2.82) and anxiety disorder (pooled aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11-1.39). Sensitivity analyses excluding early pregnancy loss and termination reported similar results. Preterm birth was associated with depression (pooled aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.32-1.42), anxiety disorder (pooled aOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.41-2.27) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (pooled aOR 1.75, 95% CI 0.52-5.89). Caesarean section was not significantly associated with PTSD (pooled aOR 2.51, 95% CI 0.75-8.37). There were few studies on other mental disorders and therefore it was not possible to perform meta-analyses.
conclusionsExposure to complications during pregnancy and birth increases the odds of long-term depression, anxiety disorder and PTSD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.