ArticleBMC infectious diseases2024
Presence of intracellular bacterial communities in uroepithelial cells, a potential reservoir in symptomatic and non-symptomatic people.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrated phenotypic-genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in uropathogens: implications for targeted therapy in a North Indian cohort.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Characterizing the role of the urobiome in the pathogenesis of recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs): a systematic review.International urology and nephrology · 2026Review
- Culture-confirmed Bacterial Species Causing Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Among Adult Women.Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Observational
- Biofilms in clinical infection: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and the evolving therapeutic landscape.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Review
- Urogenital microbiome, intracellular bacterial communities, and their contribution to urinary tract infections.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Clinical Isolates of Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterobacter Species Can Persist in Human Macrophages Without Replication and Overt Cellular Cytotoxicity.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effect of host microenvironment and bacterial lifestyles on antimicrobial sensitivity and implications for susceptibility testing.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- A New Bromelain-Based Polyenzymatic Complex Plus N-Acetylcysteine: A Promising Approach for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Microbiota-Human Health Axis.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Urinary tract infection: is it time for a new approach considering a gender perspective and new microbial advances?Frontiers in urology · 2024Review
- Precision bacteriophage therapy for multidrug-resistant recurrent urinary tract infections: From biological rationale to clinical translation in Taiwan.Tzu chi medical journalReview
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9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUrinary tract infection is one of the most common infections in humans, affecting women in more proportion. The bladder was considered sterile, but it has a urinary microbiome. Moreover, intracellular bacteria (IB) were observed in uroepithelial cells from children and women with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Here, we evaluated the presence of IB in urine from healthy people and patients with UTI symptoms.
methodsMidstream urine was self-collected from 141 donors, 77 females and 64 males; 72 belonged to the asymptomatic group and 69 were symptomatic. IB was characterized by a culture-dependent technique and visualized by confocal microscopy. Urine was also subjected to the classical uroculture and isolated bacteria were identified by MALDI-TOF.
resultsOne-hundred and fifteen uroculture were positive. A significant association was observed between the presence of symptoms and IB (P = 0.007). Moreover, a significant association between the presence of IB, symptoms and being female was observed (P = 0.03). From the cases with IB, Escherichia coli was the most frequent microorganism identified (34.7%), followed by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (14.2%), Staphylococcus spp (14.2%), and Enterococcus faecalis (10.7%). Intracellular E. coli was associated with the symptomatic group (P = 0.02). Most of the intracellular Staphylococcus spp. were recovered from the asymptomatic group (P = 0.006).
conclusionsIntracellular bacteria are present in patients with UTI but also in asymptomatic people. Here, we report for the first time, the presence of S. maltophilia, Staphylococcus spp., and Enterobacter cloacae as intracellular bacteria in uroepithelial cells. These findings open new insights into the comprehension of urinary tract infections, urinary microbiome and future therapies. Uroculture as the gold standard could not be enough for an accurate diagnosis in recurrent or complicated cases.
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