ReviewHeart failure reviews2024
The role of PCSK9 in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases-mechanisms of action beyond its effect on LDL cholesterol.
Review in Heart failure reviews, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genomic data-driven framework for drug target discovery in atrial fibrillation.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Mouse Models of Atherosclerosis: What They Teach Us, What They Miss, and When to Use Them.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Impact of PCSK9 Inhibitors on Circulatory Inflammation: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Application Prospects.JACC. Asia · 2026Review
- Lipid Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Emerging Therapeutic Implications of Lipid-Lowering Therapy.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Serum PCSK9 level as a potential biomarker relating to age, cholesterol and predicting major adverse cardiovascular event risk in hemodialysis patients.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- LDL receptor-independent mechanisms of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in cardiovascular pathophysiology.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Advanced multifunctional nano-delivery platform focusing on treating diseases related to lipid metabolism via targeted intervention in various lipid metabolic processes.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- The impact of lipid metabolism on ferroptosis in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- A Pre-Clinical Study on the Use of the Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitor PEP 2-8 to Mitigate Ischemic Injury in a Rat Marginal Donor Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- PCSK9 Inhibitors: A Potential Priority Choice for Lipid Management in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease.Drugs · 2025Review
- Integrative cardiovascular disease therapy: Linoleic acid restriction, enhanced external counterpulsation, and emerging nanotherapies.World journal of cardiology · 2025Review
- Intersecting Pathways of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Atherogenesis in the Evaluation of CKD: Emerging Biomarkers PCSK9, EPHX2, AOPPs, and TBARSs.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Regulatory mechanisms of hepatocyte PCSK9 expression: translating mechanistic insights into potential nutraceuticals.Chinese medicine · 2025Review
- Linking regulatory variants to target genes by integrating single-cell multiome methods and genomic distance.Nature genetics · 2025Article
- In the Era of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome in Cardio-Oncology: From Pathogenesis to Prevention and Therapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- PCSK9 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Role of Insulin Resistance and High Glucose.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Atherosclerotic features in patients with heart failure.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Connecting intermediate phenotypes to disease using multi-omics in heart failure.Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing · 2025Article
- Deciphering Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Disease Progression: A Blueprint for Mechanistic Understanding and Therapeutic Innovation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) is a protein that regulates low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol metabolism by binding to the hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR), ultimately leading to its lysosomal degradation and an increase in LDL cholesterol (LDLc) levels. Treatment strategies have been developed based on blocking PCSK9 with specific antibodies (alirocumab, evolocumab) and on blocking its production with small regulatory RNA (siRNA) (inclisiran). Clinical trials evaluating these drugs have confirmed their high efficacy in reducing serum LDLc levels and improving the prognosis in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Most studies have focused on the action of PCSK9 on LDLRs and the subsequent increase in LDLc concentrations. Increasing evidence suggests that the adverse cardiovascular effects of PCSK9, particularly its atherosclerotic effects on the vascular wall, may also result from mechanisms independent of its effects on lipid metabolism. PCSK9 induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing to inflammation within the vascular wall and promotes apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes and is thus involved in the development and progression of heart failure. The elimination of PCSK9 may, therefore, not only be a treatment for hypercholesterolaemia but also for atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms of action of PCSK9 in the cardiovascular system are not yet fully understood. This article reviews the current understanding of the mechanisms of PCSK9 action in the cardiovascular system and its contribution to cardiovascular diseases. Knowledge of these mechanisms may contribute to the wider use of PCSK9 inhibitors in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.